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Atsuhime Tenshoin Satsuma

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Atsuhime, Atsu-Hime 篤姫 Princess Atsu
Tenshooin 天璋院 Tensho-In

(1836 - 1883)

- quote -
the wife of Tokugawa Iesada (徳川 家定), the 13th Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan



She born as the daughter from Shimazu Tadatake (島津忠剛) was the head of Imaizumi Shimazu (今和泉島津) branch family of the Shimazu in Satsuma with his wife named lady oyuki

She was originally named Katsu (一) by her parents. When she was adopted by Shimazu Nariakira, her name was changed to Atsuko (篤子), and later changed to Fujiwara no Sumiko (藤原の敬子) when she was adopted by Konoe Tadahiro.

Tenshōin was born in Kagoshima in 1835. In 1853, she became the adopted daughter of Shimazu Nariakira. On August 21, 1853, she travelled by land from Kagoshima via Kokura to the Edo jurisdiction, never to return to Kagoshima again.

Atsuko was thought to have been sent to Edo castle with the aim of helping Shimazu Nariakira politically. The question of the next heir to the Shogunate was divided between the choice of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, then head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa house and Tokugawa Yoshitomi, then head of Kii-Tokugawa house and later known as Tokugawa Iemochi. In order to ensure that Yoshinobu became the next in succession, Atsuko was arranged to wed into the Tokugawa clan.

In November, 1856, Atsuko married Tokugawa Iesada. In 1858, both Tokugawa Iesada and Shimazu Nariakira died. The 14th shogun was decided to be Tokugawa Iemochi. Following the demise of her husband, Atsuko took the tonsure, becoming a Buddhist nun, and took the name Tenshōin. In 1862, as part of the Kōbu Gattai ("Union of Court and Bakufu") movement, Iemochi was married to Imperial Princess Kazu-no-Miya Chikako daughter of Emperor Ninkō, and younger sister of Emperor Kōmei.
The Satsuma clan brought up the request for Tenshōin to return to Satsuma, but was rejected by Tenshōin herself. In 1866, Iemochi died. Tokugawa Yoshinobu became the next shogun. During the Meiji Restoration, Tenshōin and Seikan'in (Kazu-no-Miya's name after tonsure) helped negotiate for the peaceful surrender of Edo Castle.

She spent her remaining years nurturing Tokugawa Iesato, the 16th head of the Tokugawa clan. In 1883, she died in Edo at the age of 48. She was buried in Kaneiji in Ueno, Tokyo, together with her husband, Iesada.

The 2008 NHK Taiga drama Atsuhime (fifty episodes) was a dramatization of her life.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Atsuhime (drama)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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The Shogun's Queen: The Shogun Quartet
Lesley Downer

Only one woman can save her world from barbarian invasion but to do so will mean sacrificing everything she holds dear - love, loyalty and maybe life itself . . .



Japan, and the year is 1853. Growing up among the samurai of the Satsuma Clan, in Japan's deep south, the fiery, beautiful and headstrong Okatsu has - like all the clan's women - been encouraged to be bold, taught to wield the halberd, and to ride a horse.
But when she is just seventeen, four black ships appear. Bristling with cannon and manned by strangers who to the Japanese eyes are barbarians, their appearance threatens Japan’s very existence. And turns Okatsu’s world upside down.
Chosen by her feudal lord, she has been given a very special role to play. Given a new name - Princess Atsu - and a new destiny, she is the only one who can save the realm. Her journey takes her to Edo Castle, a place so secret that it cannot be marked on any map. There, sequestered in the Women’s Palace - home to three thousand women, and where only one man may enter: the shogun - she seems doomed to live out her days. But beneath the palace's immaculate facade, there are whispers of murders and ghosts. It is here that Atsu must complete her mission and discover one last secret - the secret of the man whose fate is irrevocably linked to hers: the shogun himself . . .
- source : amazon.co.uk/gp


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .


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Authors Edo Period

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Authors and writers of the Edo period

. Books, Printing and Publishing in Edo .

under construction
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江戸艶本(えほん)ベストセラー Edo Ehon Bestsellers
林美一 Hayashi Yoshikazu (1922 - 1999)


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- - - - - besutoseraa ベストセラー bestseller authors :

Jippensha Ikku 十返舎一九 (1765 – 1831)

. Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige 東海道中膝栗毛 Shank's Mare .
Yajirobē (彌次郎兵衛) and Kitahachi (喜多八) walking along the Tokaido road.

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Santo Kyoden 山東京伝 (1761 - 1816)
心学早染草 Shingaku Hayasomegusa / "Quick-dye Mind Study"

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

Santō Kyōden - Kyōya Denzō 京屋伝蔵
He wrote Kibyōshi, Sharebon, Yomihon and Historical works
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Takizawa Bakin 滝沢馬琴 / Kyokutei Bakin 曲亭馬琴 (1767 - 1848)
曲亭 馬琴 Kyokutei Bakin, 澤興邦 Takizawa Okikuni

南総里見八犬伝 Nansō Satomi Hakkenden
The Chronicles of the Eight Dog Heroes of the Satomi Clan of Nansô

In 1803 the first Haikai Saijiki Shiorigusa (Kanzoo) 俳諧歳時記栞草 was compiled by Takizawa Bakin, with about 2600 seasonal themes and topics (kidai) and 3300 kigo.
. History of Saijiki .

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Ryutei Tanehiko柳亭種彦 (1783 - 1842)

偐紫田舎源氏 Nise Murasaki inaka Genji
The Rustic Genji, False Murasaki and a Country Genji
or
A Fraudulent Murasaki's Bumpkin Genji

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - ABC List - - - - -

. Baba Bunkoo, Baba Bunkō 馬場文耕 Baba Bunko . (1718 - 1759)

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Domyaku Sensei 銅脈先生 (1752 - 1801)

太平楽府がふ
勢多唐巴詩せたのからはし

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. Hiraga Gennai 平賀源内 . (1728 - 1780)

Author, Inventor, Naturalist, free spirit of Edo


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Ichikawa Kansai 市河寛斎 (1749 - 1820)

Songs of the Northern Quarter
日本詩紀 -
全唐詩逸

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Kawatake Mokuami 河竹黙阿弥 (1816 - 1893)

三人吉三廓初買

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. Karai Senryu 柄井川柳 . (1718 - 1790)

Haifu-Yanagidaru 誹風柳多留 Senryu Poetrt Collection

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Ryutei Rijo 滝亭鯉丈 (?- 1841)

花暦八笑人 Eight footloose fools


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Shiba Zenko 芝全交  (1750 - 1793)


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Shikitei Sanba 式亭三馬 (1776 - 1822)

In the world of men, nothing but lies

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Tadano Makuzu 只野真葛  (1765 - 1825)

Tales from the North 奥州波奈志(おうしゆうはなし)


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Tamenaga Shunsui 為永春水 (1790 - 1843)

The Plum Calendar 春色梅児誉美うめごよみ

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Terakado Seiken 寺門静軒  (1796 - 1868)

An account of the prosperity of Edo 江戸繁昌記




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Tsuruya Nanboku IV 鶴屋南北  (1755 - 1829)
Ebiya Genzō

Dramatist and Kabuki playwrite

He wrote plays with supernatural themes and macabre and grotesque characters.
- reference : tsuruya nanboku -

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Umebori Kokuga 梅暮里谷峨 (1750 - 1821)

At a fork on the road to hiring a hooker
青楼五ツ雁金」「傾城買二筋道」「廓さとの癖」

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Yamaoka Matsuake  山岡浚明 (1726 - 1780)

跖婦人伝 Seki the Night Hawk



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. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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ensoku excursions

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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ensoku 遠足 excursion, day trip and guidebooks

Taking a day off to enjoy nature was popular in Edo.
Taking along some food and sake to enhance the joy of being with friends and family.

. WKD - ensoku 遠足 (えんそく) excursion .
kigo for spring and 秋の遠足 aki no ensoku, kigo for autumn.

- - - - - There were some guide books:

. Edo Meisho Zue 江戸名所図会, “Guide to famous Edo sites” .
and
Edo Meisho Hanagoyomi 江戸名所花暦 Flower Calendar of Famous Places in Edo

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Edo no gaidobukku 江戸のガイドブック Guidebooks for Edo

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In Edo, books introducing meisho (famous places), meiten (famous shops) and meibutsu (famous products) were sold, much like modern day guidebooks. These guidebooks were used not only by people visiting Edo, but by Edo residents as well, holding the guidebook in one hand as they enjoyed travelling around famous places. These guidebooks also became popular as souvenirs from Edo. The National Diet Library also maintains a large number of these guidebooks in its collections. Please enjoy the prosperity of the meisho in Edo from those times.

Edo Meishoki by Asai Ryoi, printed by Kono Michikiyo in 1662
Edo suzume 12 volumes, by Kinko Entsu ; illus. Hishikawa Moronobu, printed by Tsuruya Kiemon in 1677
Kokyo gaeri no Edo banashi by Kagiya Heiemon, et al. in 1687, 8 books
Murasaki no hitomoto by Toda Mosui copied in 1714, 2 books
Edo sunago 6 volumes, by Kikuoka Senryo and Tajihi Chikatomo, printed by Suharaya Ihachi, et al. in 1772
Funai biko / Gofunai Biko edited by Mishima Masayuki and Kamiya Nobuyori, copy, 45 books
Edo hanjoki by Terakado Seiken, printed in 1832-36

Edo meisho zue 7 volumes 江戸名所図会
by Saito Choshu, illus. Hasegawa Settan, printed by Suharaya Mohei, et al. in 1834-1836, 20 books
Published from 1834 to 1836. This is an illustrated geographical booklet of meisho in Edo and surrounding areas. It has been praised as a comprehensive geographical booklet on Edo. The work was compiled by three generations of fathers and son, Saito Yukio (Choshu), Yukitaka (Kansai) and Yukinari (Gesshin). Consists of 7 volumes and 20 issues. Illustrations are by Hasegawa Settan. The work is written as on-site investigations of the history and current conditions of shrines, Buddhist temples and meisho and historical sites, and is of very high historical value. In particular, the drawings of Settan, that conveyed the customs, events and scenery, were sketches of the actual locations, with many portraying the scenes in extreme detail, making this work an extremely good historical reference of the scenery and customs of the time. The National Diet Library also holds a manuscript copy of the Koyu Manroku [134-270] which is a record of Yukitaka's site surveys.

- - - - - Meisho-e books
Edo meisho zue written and illustrated by Juppensha Ikku in [1813?]
Ehon Edo miyage 2 parts, 6 volumes, by Nishimura Shigenaga, illus. Suzuki Harunobu 1753
Ehon Toto asobi 3 volumes, by Asakusa'an, illus. Katsushika Hokusai in 1802
Kyoka Edo meisho zue 16 parts, edited by Tenmei rojin, illus. Hiroshige in 1856
- - - - - about food and seasons
Edo kaimono hitori an'nai edited by Nakagawa Gorozaemon, printed by Yamashiroya Sahei, et al. in 1824
Edo meibutsu shuhan tebikigusa printed in 1847
Hanagoyomi (floral calendar) and saijiki (compendium of seasonal words) 1834
Edo yuran hanagoyomi Suharaya Ihachi, et al. in 1837
Toto Saijiki 4 volumes,Hasegawa Settan and Hasegawa Settei 1838

- Read the text here :
- source : ndl.go.jp/landmarks -

- - Read the Japanese text here :
- source : national diet library -

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江都近郊名勝一覧 Edo Kinko Meisho Ichiran
EDO KINKÖ MEISHÖ ICHIRAN

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- reference : 四時遊観録 -

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江戸ウォーキング (大人の遠足ブック) Edo Walking - Excursions for Grown-Ups

Even in our modern times, walking in "Edo" is quite popular!

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Watching blossoms in spring and red autumn leaves in autumn soon became popular in Edo.

ume-mi 梅見 watching plum blossoms
亀戸梅屋敷 Kamei, 隅田川沿いの寺島村 along the river Sumidagawa, 蒲田村 Kamata village

hanami 花見 watching cherry blossoms
上野山 Ueno, 王子の飛鳥山 Asukayama in Oji, 隅田川堤 along the bank of Sumidagawa, 品川の御殿山 Gotenyama in Shinagawa

shiohigari 潮干狩り collecting small animals
on the beach in summer, especially Shinagawa

kawa-asobi 川遊び, fune-asobi 舟遊び
along the 隅田川 Kanda River

hotaru-gari ホタル狩り catching fireflies
along the river 妙正寺川 Myoshojigawa

tsukimi 月見 full moon watching in Autumn
富岡八幡, Tomioka Hachimangu, 飛鳥山 Asukayama

momijigari 紅葉狩り watching red autumn leaves
There were quite a few places in Edo.

All these activities are part of the Saijiki collection of season words for poetry and Haiku.


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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #ensoku #daytrip #excursion - - - -
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Gakumonjo Academies

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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gakumonjo 学問所 Academies of Higher Learning
hankoo 藩黌 / 藩校 -- hangaku 藩学 - Hanko, domain schools, fief schools


. Hayashi Razan 林羅山 (1583 – 1657) .
Introducing Neo-Confucianism in the Edo period

He founded the
. Yushima Seidoo, Yushima Seidō 湯島聖堂 Yushima Seido Bakufu School .

During the Edo period, many domains founded their own places of learning,
some of them later turned to Universities or High Schools.

The main subjects were kangaku 漢学 Chinese and Confucian Studies, kokugaku 国学 National Learning, and eventually yoogaku /yôgaku 洋学 Western Learning (rangaku 蘭学 "Dutch Learning").

儒学の祖 学問の神 The Confucian God of Learning




- - - - - - - - - - List of the most important schools - - - - - - - - - -

Gakushukan 学習館 Kishu
Jishukan 時習館 Kumamoto
Kodokan 弘道館 Mito
Kodokan 弘道館 Saga
Kojokan 興譲館 Yonezawa
Meirindo 明倫堂 Kanazawa
Meirindo 明倫堂 Owari

. Meirinkan 萩明倫館 Hagi .
Nisshinkan 日進館 Aizu
. Shizutani Gakko 閑谷学校 Okayama .
Shoheizaka Gakumonjo 昌平坂学問所 Edo
. Tooju shoin 藤樹書院 Toju Private School - Shiga .
founded by Nakae Tōju 中江藤樹 Nakae Toju (1608 – 1648)
Yokendo 養賢堂 Sendai
Zoshikan 造士館 Satsuma


- quote -
Samurai of the respective fiefs were required to attend these schools and toward the end of the Edo period
an increasing number of commoners were granted admittance.
A graded system for curricula developed and subjects relating to Western learning were added.
- more about the Japanese education system
- source : edux.pjwstk.edu.pl/mat -


- - - - - The oldest academic institution in Japan is the
. Ashikaga Gakkō 足利学校 Ashikaga Gakko - Tochigi .
founded ca. 832 by Ono no Takamura 小野篁.

Apart from the Samurai schools, there were institutions for the common people:
. terakoya 寺子屋  "temple school", private school .

. rangaku 蘭學 / 蘭学 "Dutch learning", Western learning .

. bunbu ryoodoo 文武両道 Bunbu Ryodo. .
"The Dual Path of Cultural and Martial Arts,"
A real samurai had to be well educated, but also strong in the martial arts.
budookan 武道館 Budokan Hall to practise martial arts (Budo, the Way of the Bushi Samurai)

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- - - - - ABC-List - - - - -

Gakuushukan 学習館 Gakushukan
Founded in 1635 in the Kishu Domain, Wakayama.



During the reign of Shogun Yoshimune (who came from Wakayama), even common people were allowed to attend and the school had about 180 students.
In 1792, its head master was Motoori Norinaga.
In 1804, it was moved to Matsusaka town and renamed 松坂学問所 Matsusaka Gakumonjo.
In 1866, it war renamed 学習館文武場 Gakushukan Bunbujo and had about 600 students.
There are no remains of the buildings any more.

. Motoori Norinaga 本居宣長 (1730 - 1801) .
prominent Kokugakusha. Born in Matsusaka.

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Jishuukan, Jishūkan 時習館 Jishukan
"study and at times learn"
Kumamoto 熊本
active between 1755 and 1870.
Founded by Hosokawa Shigekata 細川重賢 (1721 - 1785)
The first president was 秋山玉山 Akiyama Gyokuzan (1702 - 1764).
Famous students were Yokoi Shonan, Inoue Kowashi and Kitasato Shibasaburo.

- Other Jishūkan schools were built in
Mikawa Yoshida Han, Tahara Han, Kasama Han, Daiseiji Han and Sakurai Han.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Koodookan 弘道館 Kodokan - 水戸 Mito 



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The Kōdōkan (弘道館) was the largest han school in the Edo period. Located in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture,
founded in 1841 by Tokugawa Nariaki,
- source : wikipedia -

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Koodookan 弘道館 Kodokan -  佐賀 Saga

Founded in 1781 by Lord 鍋島治茂 Nabeshima Harushige (1745 - 1805).
The first head master was the Confucian scholar 古賀精里 Koga Seiri (1750 - 1817).
Harushige also invited 石井鶴山 Ishii Kakuzan (1744 - 1790) from Kagoshima and famous scholars from other domains.

Lord 鍋島直正 Nabeshima Naomasa (1815 - 1871) improved the facility to educate future leaders of the Saga domain, introducing new technologies, especially new weapons from the West.
He also founded the 蒙養舎, where young Samurai children below the age of 15 were educated.



A memorial stone reminds of the school.

The third of the famous Kodokan schools was in 但馬 Tajima.


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Koojookan 興譲館 Kojokan



Founded by Lord 上杉治憲 Uesugi Yozan in 米沢 Yonezawa, now Yamagata prefecture. He resurrected the Gakumonjo of his father, 上杉綱憲 Uesugi Tsunanori (1663 - 1704).
The teachers were Confucian scholars.
In 1775, 吉江輔長 became head master.

It is now the site of 山形県立米沢興譲館高等学校 the famous Yonezawa High Schoo.
- reference : Yonezawa Kojokan High School -

. Uesugi Yoozan Harunori 上杉鷹山 治憲 Uesugi Yozan (1751 - 1822) .
... he is best remembered for his financial reforms, and he is often cited as an example of a good governor of a domain.

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Meirindoo 明倫堂 Meirindo - 金沢 Kanazawa
加賀金沢藩 Kaga Kanazawa Han Domain



Built in 1792 by Lord 前田治脩 Maeda Harunaga (1754 - 1810).
The first head master was the Confucian scholar 新井白蛾 Arai Hakuga (1715 - 1792).
The first building was in the South-West of park 兼六園 Kenraku-En, but in 1822 it was relocated to the district 仙石町 Sengokumachi.
It had a long corridor between the Southern and Northern buildings and also the hall 経武館 Keibukan a hall for martial arts.
It had about 300 students of all social positions and various ranks of teachers.
Special subjects were astronomy and herbal medicine.

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Meirindoo Meirindo 明倫堂 Meirindo - 尾張 Owari
名古屋 Nagoya, 愛知県 Aichi



Founded in 1749 and reformed in 1782 by Lord 徳川宗睦 Tokugawa Munechika (1733 - 1800).
The first head master was 細井平洲 Hosoi Heishu (1728 - 1801), followed by 岡田新川 Okada Shinsen (1737 - 1799)、石川香山 Ishikawa Kozan (1736 - 1810)、冢田大峯 Tsukada Taiho (1745 - 1832)、細野要斎 Hosono Yosai (1811 - 1878) and other Confucian scholars.
The school was open not only for Samurai children, but all who wanted to study.
In 1871 the school was abolished. Later in 1875 its remains were brought to the Nagoya castle.
Now it is the site of 愛知県立明和高等学校 the Aichi school.

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Meirindo 明倫堂 in the following domains:

久米村 Kumemura, Okinawa (1718)
小諸藩 Komoro、上田藩 Ueda、高鍋藩 Takanabe、新庄藩 Shinjo、大洲藩 Ozu and 安志藩 Anji.

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Nisshinkan日進館 Aizu Wakamatsu
Aizu hankoo. Aizu hankō 会津藩校 Old Aizu clan school




The Samurai school of the Aizu domain was built in 1803 by 松平容頌 Matsudaira Katanobu (1744 - 1805), the fifth Lord of the Aizu Matsudaira Clan. Samurai boys from the age of 10 years had to attend it. Katanobu also introduced other reforms in the Aizu domain, making agriculture, commerce and industry the main pillars.
At that time there were about 300 domain schools in Japan and Nisshinkan had a very good reputation. Many members of the Byakko-tai studied at Nisshinkan.
Medicine, astronomy, literary and military arts were taught based on the principles of Confucianism. Otherfacilities for the students included an observatory, a printing office, a large library and a swimming pool. The students were also taught Samurai etiquette, from table manners to ritual suicide (harakiri).
The present-day Nisshinkan is reconstructed.
- reference : aizu nisshinkan-


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Shooheizaka Gakumonjo 昌平坂学問所 Shoheizaka Gakumonjo
Shooheikoo 昌平黌 Shoheiko




- quote -
(1)Education within Samurai Families
The samurai families of the Edo period not only used education to stabilize their own position but also came to further the cause of learning, especially through the systematized teaching of literary studies. Initially, the fief lords (daimyo), in order to further their own personal cultivation and, in turn, to maintain control of their fief governments, summoned Confucian scholars and military specialists (heigakusha) to conduct lectures which their chief vassals were required to attend. The fief lords also encouraged learning for the lesser vassals and urged the cultivation of literary accomplishments along with the practice of martial arts. Learning during this period, being based upon Shogunal policy, was thoroughly imbued with Confucian thought. Samurai families originally availed themselves of the services of priests in Buddhist temples for their education. But by the Edo period, this class began to employ Confucian scholars to act as preceptors in fief schools they founded in the castle towns. During the early days of the Edo period, only a few fiefs had established fief schools but from about the middle of this period onward the spread of such institutions increased rapidly, culminating in a total of some 270 schools at the end of the period.

The Shoheizaka Gakumonjo, alternately called the Shoheiko, under the direct control of the Shogunate at Edo, became the highest seat of learning in its time as well as a model for all the other fief schools, The original institution was the training center of the Confucian temple (koshibyo) which had been established on a site at Ueno in Edo by a Confucian scholar of the Chu Hsi school, Hayashi Razan (1583-1657), under the auspices of the Shogunal government. Later this was relocated at Yushima, where an Athenaeum was constructed known as the Yushima Temple. This school started first as a semiprivate, semigovernmental organization under the protection of the Shogunate. It was not long, however before the government recognized the necessity of direct control over these educational facilities and in 1797 the school was brought under the immediate supervision of the central authorities.

The school prospered from that time not only as the nucleus of education for the Shogunate but as the highest center of learning in the nation as well, a position it maintained until the decline of the Shogunate's authority and the development of Western learning. During the Edo period, this school acted as a model for other fief schools. Many fief governments established their fief schools along this model and also sent their brightest youths there for training. Many of those who completed their studies at the Shoheizaka Gakumonjo were engaged at fief schools as Confucian scholars. Thus besides enjoying the highest scholastic reputation in the land, the Shoheizaka Gakumonjo also served as a training ground for instructors assuming positions in fief schools. In addition to the Chinese-oriented Shoheizaka Gakumonjo, other government institutions included the National Learning-oriented Wagaku Kodanjo and the Igakukan which was devoted to the study of traditional Chinese medicine. Toward the end of Edo period, various centers for the study of Western learning were also established as we shall see below.

Many schools which originally had been private institutions for Chinese studies (kangakujuku) came under the control of the fiefs and were enlarged and reorganized to form fief schools. Their curriculum was gradually expanded - in addition to Chinese studies National Learning and other subjects were introduced and toward the end of the Edo period Western learning and medicine were also offered. At the same time, the trend toward military subjects grew more pronounced, and thus in the fief schools there arose a special relationship between literary studies and martial arts.

By the close of the Shogunate the fief schools provided a comprehensive education for the samurai class. Instruction was centered about Chinese classics. This meant studies in Confucian doctrine and the history and literature of China. Elementary classes used the Primer of Chinese Characters (Senjimon) for practicing calligraphy and the Brief History of Japan (Sanjikyo) for practice in reading. Other elementary textbooks that were frequently used included the Book of Filial Piety (Kokyo), the Book of Manners (Shogaku), and the Collection of Chu Hsi's Sayings.
Others were the Four Books (Shisho):
1) Great Learning (Daigaku), 2) Doctrine of the Mean (Chuyo), 3) Confucian Analects (Rongo), and 4) Sayings of Mencius (Moshi);
and the Five Canons (Gokyo):
1) Book of Changes (Ekikyo); 2) Book of Odes (Shikyo); 3) Book of Annals (Shokyo), 4) Spring and Autumn (Shunju), and 5) Record of Rites (Raiki).

Hayashi Nobuatsu (1644-1732), a grand son of Hayashi Razan and also a Confucian scholar of the Chu Hsi school, was appointed by the government as Rector of the Shoheizaka Gakumonjo (Daigakunokami) and from that time on the successive heads of the Hayashi family were appointed to that post until the fall of the Shogunate, making the Shoheizaka Gakumonjo a vehicle for the ascendance of Chu Hsi Confucianism. At the same time various other schools of Confucian thought developed during the early Edo period and quite a few government officials were members of schools other than Chu Hsi. However in 1790 the teaching of other schools of Confucianism was banned, and Chu Hsi was officially accepted as the orthodoxy. .....
- source : Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology -

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Yookendoo, Yōkendō 養賢堂 Yokendo
also called - 明倫館 Meirinkan
Sendai-han 仙台藩 Sendai Domain



It started with a school built by Lord 伊達吉村 Date Yoshimura (1680 - 1752) in 1736 in the compound of the 武沢家屋敷 Takezawa family.

In 1772 the school was named Yokendo.
In 1799 養賢堂文庫 Yokendo Bunko (Yokendo Library) was established.
Since 1821 Rangaku "Dutch Learning" was taught by
Sasaku Chutaku (1790 - 1846), student of Otsuki Gentaku
Ozeki Sanei (1787 - 1839) and others.

Since 1760 medicine was taught ant in 1822 the
Igakkan医学館 Sendai Fief Medical School was established as a separate building in 百騎丁 (now 東二番丁).
In 1871 this institurion was abolished.


- quote -
Otsuki Gentaku 大槻玄沢 (1757 - 1827)
His 1799 Ransetsu benwaku (蘭説弁惑, "Clarifying Errors in Theories about the Dutch") was perhaps the first major Japanese work to assert that Africans were "no different from the rest of mankind," and that they were not, on the whole, as a group, less intelligent or otherwise of inherently lower birth, but rather that Africans, like anyone else, included "the noble and the lowly, ... the wise and the foolish."
This text was also among those which challenged the prevailing notion that dark skin came from extended contact with the water (and that blacks were particularly adept at swimming), suggesting instead that their dark skin derived from their hot, southerly climate, and from lengthy exposure to the sun.
Along with Shimura Hiroyuki,
Ôtsuki produced in 1807 a set of interviews called Kankai ibun, which recorded the experiences of a group of Japanese castaways who had seen the Atlantic, the Straits of Magellan, and Hawaii.
- source : wiki.samurai-archives.com/index -

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Zooshikan, Zôshikan 造士館 Zoshikan
from 1773 - 1877


source : d.hatena.ne.jp/supernil

- quote -
The Zôshikan was a domain school established in Kagoshima by
島津重豪 Shimazu Shigehide in 1773.
The school covered some 3,350 tsubo, and included lecture halls, a small shrine called the Senseiden, and lodgings for samurai students who came from outside of the city. Tachibana Nankei, a scholar from Kyoto who visited Kagoshima in 1782-1783, wrote that it was large and beautiful, the best in the realm (i.e. in all of Japan).

As a result of succession disputes within the Shimazu clan in 1808-1809 (eventually ending in Shimazu Narinobu abdicating in favor of Shimazu Narioki), the curriculum of the school departed from its earlier purposes of training men for service. Shimazu Nariakira later lamented this change, and took steps to revive the quality of education at the school.

In 1869, the school was renamed Hongakkô (lit. "Main School"), and came to simply accept all students who completed elementary school. Studies were divided chiefly into Chinese Studies (kangaku), National Learning (kokugaku), and Western Learning (yôgaku). The school was completely destroyed in the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877.
- source : samurai-archives.com -


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- reference -
List of the Hanko domain schools from North to South
江戸学問所 Edo gakumonjo
内容や規模は多様だが、藩士の子弟は皆強制的に入学させられた。
各地の藩校
江戸幕府 Edo Bakufu Schools
昌平坂学問所(1797年)→ 東京大学 - Shoheizaka Gakumonjo
教諭所(江戸麹町)(1791年)- Kyogujo
教諭所(美作国久世)(1791年)→典学館(1796年)- Kyogujo
敬業館(備中国笠岡)(1797年)- Keigyokan
遷善館(武蔵国久喜)(1803年)- Senzenkan
倉敷教諭所明倫館(備中国倉敷)(1834年)- Meirinkan
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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. terakoya 寺子屋  "temple school", private school .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- backup Gofunai Henro Temples

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This is only a backup, which will not be updated.
For updates see this page


. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .











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. Kobo Daishi Reijo 弘法大師霊場 Kobo Daishi Pilgrimages in Japan .
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Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo
Go-Funai 88kasho
Gofunai Pilgrimage Junrei in the central area of Tokyo




This pilgrimage was established in 1755 by Shootoo Oshoo 正等和尚 Shoto Osho (1703-1774.
His grave is at the temple Nr. 31, 多聞院 Tamon-In.




江戸御府内八十八ヶ所 御朱印を求めて歩く-- 札所めぐりルートガイド

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01 高野山東京別院(港区高輪3-15-18)Koyasan Tokyo Betsu-In
02 東福寺(中野区江古田3-9-15)
03 多聞院(世田谷区北烏山4-12-1) Tamon-In
04 高福院(品川区上大崎2-13-3)
05 金剛山延命院(港区南麻布3-10-15)
. 06 五大山 Godaisan 不動院 Fudo-In - 五大山不動院 .(港区六本木3-15-4)
07 室泉寺(渋谷区東3-8-16)
08 長遠寺(大田区南馬込5-2-10)
09 龍巌寺(渋谷区神宮前2-3-8)

10 観谷山聖輪寺(渋谷区千駄ヶ谷1-13)
11 荘厳寺(渋谷区本町2-44-3)
12 宝仙寺(中野区中央2-33-3)
高霊山龍生院(港区三田2-12-5)
福蔵院(中野区白鷺1-31-5)
南蔵院(練馬区中村1-15-1)
三宝寺(練馬区石神井台1-15)
長命寺(練馬区高野台3-10-3)
愛染院(新宿区若葉2-8-3)
19 青蓮寺(板橋区成増4-36-2)

20 身代山鏡照院(港区西新橋3-14-3)
東福院(新宿区若葉2-2)
南蔵院(新宿区箪笥町42)
薬研堀不動院(中央区東日本橋2-6-8)
最勝寺(新宿区上落合3-4-1)
六所山長楽寺(日野市程久保8-49-18)(旧角筈村)
来福寺(品川区東大井3-13-1)
瑠璃山正光院(港区元麻布3-2-20)
霊雲寺(文京区湯島2-21-6)
南蔵院(豊島区高田1-19-16)

30 放生寺(新宿区西早稲田2-1-14)
31 多聞院(新宿区弁天町100)- Tamon-In
- reference source : goshuin.blog.jp -

萬昌山圓満寺(文京区湯島1-6-2)
真性寺(豊島区巣鴨3-21-2)
薬王山三念寺(文京区本郷2-15-6)
根生院(豊島区高田1-34-6)
薬王院(新宿区下落合4-8-2)- Yakuo-In
萬徳院(江東区永代2-37-22)
金乗院(豊島区高田2-12-3)
真成院(新宿区若葉2-7-8)

40 普門院(江東区亀戸3-43-3)
密蔵院(中野区沼袋2-33-4)
観音寺(台東区谷中5-8-28)- Kannon-Ji
成就院(台東区元浅草4-8-12)
顕性寺(新宿区須賀町13-5)
観蔵院(台東区元浅草3-18-5)
弥勒寺(墨田区立川1-4-13)
城官寺(北区上中里1-42-8)
禅定院(中野区沼袋2-28-2)
多宝院(台東区谷中6-2-35)- Taho-In

50 大徳院(墨田区両国2-7-13)
延命院(台東区元浅草4-5-2)
観音寺(新宿区西早稲田1-7-1)
自性院(台東区谷中6-2-8)
新長谷寺(豊島区高田2-12-3)in compound of(38番 金乗院境内)
長久院(台東区谷中6-2-16)
与楽寺(北区田端1-25-1)
明王院(台東区谷中5-4-2)
光徳院(中野区上高田5-18-3)
無量寺(北区西ヶ原1-34-8)

60 吉祥院(台東区元浅草2-1-14)
正福院(台東区元浅草4-7-21)
威光院(台東区寿2-6-8)
観智院(台東区谷中5-2-4)
加納院(台東区谷中5-8-5)
明王山大聖院(港区三田4-1-27)
東覚寺(北区田端2-7-3)
真福寺(港区愛宕1-3-8)
永代寺(江東区富岡1-15-1)
龍臥山宝生院(港区三田4-1-29)


70 禅定院(練馬区石神井町5-19-10)
梅照院(中野区新井5-3-5)
不動院(台東区寿2-5-2)Fudo-In
東覚寺(江東区亀戸4-24-1)
法乗院えんま堂(江東区深川2-16-3)
赤坂不動尊威徳寺(港区赤坂4-1-10)
金剛院(豊島区長崎1-9-2)
仏乘院(神奈川県秦野市蓑毛957-13)
成就院(台東区東上野3-32-15)
清水山専教院(文京区小日向3-6-10)


80 太元山長延寺(港区三田4-1-31)
光蔵院(港区赤坂7-6-68)
龍福院(台東区元浅草3-17-2)
蓮乗院(新宿区若葉2-8-6)
五大山明王院(港区三田4-3-9)- Godaisan Myo-O-In
観音寺(新宿区高田馬場3-37-26)
金剛山常泉院(文京区春日1-9-3)
護国寺(文京区大塚5-40-1)
88 文殊院(杉並区和泉4-18-17)- Monju-In

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reference : tesshow.jp/funai88_index
- reference for stamps : goshuin.blog.jp/tag -

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Gofunai Bikō 御府内備考 Notes on Edo

- quote -
Funai Biko
The only geographical booklet on Edo compiled by the Edo Shogunate.
Also known by the separate title Gofunai Biko. This work was organized to serve as reference for the Gofunai Fudoki to be compiled by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and was compiled in 2 parts consisting of a principal part and a sequel from 1826 to 1830. The 145 volumes of the main part contain articles on Edo Castle, streets, historic spots, etc.
The 147 volumes of the sequel are also known as the Gofunai Jisha Biko and contain information on the origins and historic associations of temples and shrines. The Gofunai Fudoki was lost in the fire at the imperial palace in 1872, however the Gofunai Biko escaped intact.
- reference source : ndl.go.jp/landmarks -


. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

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. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja – Fudo Myoo .


. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Introduction - .


The Five Great Wisdom Kings, Godai Myo-O - 五大明王
. The Five Great Elements of the Universe - 地水火風空の五大 .

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. 四国お遍路さん Pilgrims in Shikoku . - General Information

Koya San in Wakayama

Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海
(Kooboo Daishi, Kuukai)

. Gyoki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 (668 - 749) Saint Gyōki .


Haiku and Henro:
.... . The Haiku Henro Pilgrimage  

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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The Edo Clan

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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The Edo Clan of the Musashi Taira 武蔵江戸氏 Musashi Edo-Shi

They lived in the hamlet 江戸郷 Edo Go, their Homeland in the Musashi Plain. It was located in the
日比谷の入江 Hibiya no Irie inlet.
Edo江戸 means "estuary", lit. "inlet door", "entrance to the inlet".

Other clans who lived in the Edo area before Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Bakufu government:



畠山氏 Hatakeyama clan in 深谷 Fukaya
河越氏 Kawagoe clan in 川越 Kawagoe
豊島氏 Toyoshima clan in 川口 Kawaguchi


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- quote
The Edo clan were a minor offshoot of the Taira clan,
and first fortified the settlement known as Edo, which would later become Tokyo. The Imperial Palace now stands at this location.
During the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the clan was renamed the 武蔵喜多見氏 Musashi Kitami clan.
The clan originated in Chichibu in Musashi Province (now Saitama Prefecture). In the late 12th century,
江戸重継 Edo Shigetsugu (Chichibu Shigetsugu) moved south and fortified the little hill at Edo, located where the Sumida River enters Tokyo Bay. This area later became the Honmaru and Ninomaru portions of Edo Castle. There, the Edo grew in military strength under the second patriarch, Edo Shigenaga.

In August 1180, Shigenaga attacked Muira Yoshizumi, an ally of the rival Minamoto clan. Three months later, he switched sides just as Minamoto Yoritomo entered Musashi. Shigenaga assisted the Minamoto in overthrowing the Taira in Kyoto. In return, Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward.

Records show that in 1457, Edo Shigeyasu surrendered his main base at Edo to Ota Dokan. Dokan was a vassal of the powerful Ōgigayatsu branch of the Uesugi clan under Uesugi Sadamasa. Sadamasa was the Kanto-Kanrei for the Ashikaga. Dokan built Edo castle on the site. The Edo clan then moved to Kitami.

In 1593, in a pledge of obedience to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami. Katsutada was employed by the first and second Tokugawa shoguns, reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka. Katsutada's grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, found favor with the fifth shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. He rose from the position of hatamoto, with a stipend of one thousand koku, to sobayonin, or "Grand Chamberlain", with a stipend of twenty thousand. It was an influential post, responsible for relaying messages between the shogun and his senior councilors. He was also awarded a large domain in 1686. However, the clan's fortunes suddenly plummeted. In 1689, Shigemasa's nephew violated the Shogunate taboo on bloodshed. Shigemasa had to forfeit his status and property and was banished to Ise, where he died in 1693 at age 36. The 500-year-old Edo clan essentially ceased as a recognized clan.
Tombstones of several generations of the clan are at 慶元寺 Keigen-Ji, a Buddhist temple founded in 1186 by Edo Shigenaga, in Kitami.
The name later changed to 常陸江戸氏 Hitachi Edo-Shi.
- source : wikipedia



江戸重長 Edo Taro Shigenaga  
was the second head of the Edo clan. He first settled and lent his name to the fishing village Edo that eventually grew to become Tokyo.
He was also known as Edo Taroo 江戸太郎 Edo Taro.
In 1180, Shigenaga was asked by Minamoto Yoritomo to cooperate in his uprising against rule of the Taira in Kyoto. Hesitant at first, Shigenaga eventually helped Yoritomo overthrow the Taira rule. Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward.

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source : 4travel.jp/travelogue/10825822

Graves of the Musashi Kitami Clan - 江戸氏之墓所
慶元寺 Keigen-Ji- see below

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- quote -
The ones who got there first
Four centuries before Tokugawa Ieyasu arrived at Edo, a fierce band of mounted warriors had already fortified the hill where Ieyasu would build his magnificent Edo Castle, and on which the Imperial Palace now stands.

In the late 12th century, the Edo clan, as these warriors called themselves, had moved south from Chichibu in present-day Saitama Prefecture led by their patriarch, Edo Shigetsugu. Seizing Edo, they rapidly built up their military presence in the southern Kanto Plain to such a point that, in 1180, Shigenaga, the second clan head, was asked by Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-99) to cooperate in his uprising against the great Taira family in Kyoto.

Shigenaga was not easily persuaded, but eventually lent his power to Yoritomo in overthrowing Taira rule. In appreciation, Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province, including Kitami in what is now Tokyo’s western Setagaya Ward.

Little is known about the Edo clan in the turbulent Kamakura Period that began with Yoritomo’s founding of a shogunate in that city in 1192; nor do we know of their fate during the Kyoto-based shogunate known as the Muromachi Period, that ran from 1338-1573. However, records show that in 1457, Edo Shigeyasu surrendered his main base at Edo to Ota Dokan (1432-86), a vassal of Uesugi Sadamasa, Governor of the Kanto Plain, and moved to Kitami. Dokan then built a castle on the site with views of Mount Fuji and Edo Bay, before being killed by an assassin sent by his own master in 1486. The castle was then abandoned until it was taken over by Ieyasu in 1590.

In a pledge of obedience to Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami in 1593. Katsutada was employed by the first and second shoguns, reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka.

His grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, bathed in the special favor of the fifth shogun and rose to the rank of daimyo by 1682. Promoted to a sobayonin (grand chamberlain), whose influential role was to relay messages between the shogun and his senior councilors, he was awarded a further large domain in 1686.

From this zenith of happiness, however, Shigemasa’s fortunes plummeted — and with them, those of the Edo clan. In 1689, Shigemasa’s nephew violated the shogunal taboo on bloodshed and the family was held collectively responsible. As punishment, Shigemasa forfeited his status and all property and was banished to Ise, where he died in 1693 at age 36. His kin was similarly punished, and with that the 500-year-old Edo clan vanished.

To this day, however, memories of the first possessor of Edo linger on at Keigen-ji in Kitami, Setagaya Ward, an impressive Buddhist temple founded in 1186 by Edo Shigenaga. Tombstones of several generations of the clan, some quite eroded but others recently renovated, huddle together in a corner of the graveyard, tied eternally by their invisible bond of kinship.
- source : Japan Times 2003 - Sumiko Enbutsu -

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Keigenji 慶元寺 Keigen-Ji
永劫山 花林院 慶元寺 Eigosan Karin-In Keigen-Ji

世田谷区喜多見4-17-1 / 4 Chome-17-1 Kitami, Setagaya ward
浄土宗 Jodo Sect.

Apart from the main temple hall, it has a 鐘楼 bell tower and a 三重堂 three-story pagoda.


source and more photos : tesshow.jp/setagaya

The main statue is 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai.
Edo Taro Shigenaga founded this temple, then called 岩戸山大沢院東福寺 Tofuku-Ji in 1186, which then belonged to the 天台宗 Tendai sect.
In 1451 it was relocated to 成城(元喜多見) Seijo (Moto Kitami) and found its final place in 1468.
In 1540, the priest 空誉上人 / 空与(空與)/ 空与守欣上人 Kuyo Shonin revitalized the temple, which had lost its importance. The name changed 上山華林院慶元寺 and now it belonges to the Jodo Sect.
In 1636, Shogun Iemitsu awarded the temple with land of 10石 (about 1ha(10000㎡), annexing 6 temples in the neighborhood.

Number 4 in the pilgrimage to 33 Kannon temples along the Tamagawa 多摩川三十三ヶ所観音霊場.




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Kitami eki 喜多見駅 Kitami station
on the Odakyu Railway Line, on the border between Setagaya Ward and Komae City.
The name of the area,
Kitami
, (also written 北見)
is thought to originate from an ancient Ainu word meaning "flat, wooded place".
- quote wikipedia -



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- Some further History -
... The Kantō Plain appears to have first been populated in the Late Jōmon Period sometime after 3100 BC. ...
... Kofun Period (200-500 AD) : It seems that around the 300’s, Kantō became a vassal state of the Yamato Court. There are more than 200 Kofun in the Tōkyō Metropolis.
丸山古墳 Maruyama Kofun “Round Mountain” Kofun is in 芝公園 Shiba Kōen park ...


... “A feudal warlord named Ōta Dōkan came into the small fishing village of Edo and built his castle there.”...
... “Though it was once an insignificant village in the marshy wetlands,
Tokugawa Ieyasu transformed Edo into a glorious capital befitting of the shōgun.”...
... The Edo clan still had a residence in Kitami, which is present day Setagawa Ward. In light of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s dominance over the area, it would be presumptuous (and confusing) for a clan to retain the name of the capital city when a new daimyō, appointed by the unifier of Japan, controlled that city. So in 1593, taking an oath of submission and fealty to Tokugawa Ieyasu, the last Edo Clan daimyō gave up the name Edo and assumed the name, Kitami, which was where their primary holdings were. ...
... In 1693, the direct family line, no longer Edo but Kitami, was extinguished after the banishment of Kitami Shigeyasu to Ise when his grandson murdered somebody or something.
... At the height of Tokugawa power, the castle is said to have been the biggest in the world and the city was likely the most populous.
- More details and history about the name of EDO -
- source : japanthis.com/2013 -

. Oota Dookan 太田道灌 Ota Dokan (1432 - 1486) .

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- - - - - Now we come to September 3rd, 1868 :
慶応4年7月17日(西暦では1868年9月3日)
Edo o shooshite Tōkyō to nasu shoosho 江戸を称して東京と為すの詔書
江戸ヲ称シテ東京ト為スノ詔書


Imperial Edict Renaming Edo to Tōkyō.

私は、今政治に自ら裁決を下すこととなり、全ての民をいたわっている。
江戸は東国で第一の大都市であり、四方から人や物が集まる場所である。当然、私自らその政治をみるべきである。よって、以後江戸を東京と称することとする。これは、私が国の東西を同一視するためである。
国民はこの私の意向を心に留めて行動しなさい。

"I at this time settle all matters of state myself in the interest of the people.
Edo is the largest city in the eastern provinces, a place in which things gather from every direction. It were well that
I should personally oversee its governance. Therefore from this time on I shall call it“Tokyo”(Eastern Capital).
This is so that I might oversee all affairs in the land equally, from east to west.
Let the people heed this my will."

- reference source : wikipedia -

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- reference : Edo Shigenaga -
- reference : Kitami Edo Tokyo -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #edoclan #edoshigenaga #kitamitokyo #edohistory - - - -
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Karasuyama Temple Town

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Karasuyama teramachi 烏山寺町 Karasuyama Temple Town

There are 26 temples in the area.
The area is called the Little Kyoto of Setagaya ward世田谷の小京都.



からすやま寺町の歌 - The song of Karasuyama Temple Town
- reference source : www.youtube.com -

- quote -
The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 brought a virtual tidal wave of displaced refugees, and a flotilla of temples as well. Setagaya’s population nearly doubled, and Teramachi, or “temple town,” near Chitose-Karasuyama, offered land on which 26 temples damaged in the quake were rebuilt.
A variety of Buddhist sects are represented, and one temple, Senkoji, sequesters the grave site of world-renowned ukiyo-e artist Kitagawa Utamaro.
The hush over the area is eerie beyond words.
- A wave to Setagaya
- source : Kit Nagamura / Japan Times -

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01 Myookooji 妙高寺 Myoko-ji
Nichiren Sect.

The temple moved to Karasuyama in 1927 after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. It retains a grave of the Mizuno family, the lord of the Yamagata domain. There are graves of 藤井右門 Fujii Umon, an advocate of the restoration of the Imperial rule, three Japanese-style painters: 速水御舟 Hayami Gyoshu (1894 - 1935),
今村紫紅 Imamura Shiko (1880 - 1916), 小村雪岱 Komura Settai (1887 - 1940), and 川之辺一朝 Kawanobe Itcho (1830 - 1910), a lacquer artist.
Myoko-ji HP : - reference source : myokozi.com -

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. 金剛山 Kongozan 悲願寺 Higan-Ji 多聞院 Tamon-In .
Nr. 03 of the Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo

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03 Joomanji 乗満寺 Joman-ji
Shinshu-otani School
The temple was originally located in Kaga and called Rinsho Temple. After moving to Setsu, Fushimi, Suruga then Edo, it changed its name to Joman Temple. It moved to Karasuyama in 1924. In the Edo period the temple had many patrons among 江戸期は幕臣関係の檀家 the vassals of the shogun.

04 Nyuurakuji 入楽寺 Nyuraku-ji
Shinshu-otani School
It was built in Hiramatsu-cho, Nihonbashi in 1648. After being moved to Matsuyama-cho, Asakusa, it was burnt down in the Great Kanto Earthquake. It moved to Karasuyama in 1927.

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05 Jooeiji 常栄寺 Joei-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School

The buildings were all burnt in the Great Kanto Earthquake except for the principal image and the necrology. It moved to Karasuyama from Tsukiji in 1924.
There are the remains of a foundation stone of 菊田伊州 Kikuta Ishu (1791 - 1852), a Japanese-style painter.
Joei-ji HP - reference source : joueiji.net-

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06 Genshooji 源正寺 Gensho-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School
The temple moved to Karasuyama from Tsukiji in 1932. They have metal tubs made by 藤原正次 Fujiwara Shoji,
a master of foundry in the Edo period, which were chosen as cultural assets.


07 Shinryuuji 幸龍寺 Shinryu-ji
Nichiren Sect.
The temple was originally built as a prayer hall for the Tokugawa family. It moved to Hamamatsu, Suruga, Yushima then Asakusa. It was damaged in the Great Kanto Earthquake. Its relocation to Karasuyama began in 1927 and was completed in 1940.

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08 Zonmyooji 存明寺 Zonmyo-ji
Shinshu-otani School

The temple was built at Sakurada-mon in the early Edo period. It moved to Azabu in the Meiji period, then to Karasuyama in 1927 after the 1923 earthquake. Teachings written by the chief priest are on display at the gate, and they are changed from time to time.
The temple features a dining facility for needy children, Zonmyōji Kodomo Shokudō - Cafeteria.
Zonmyo-ji HP : - reference source : zonmyoji.jp -

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09 Shoo-oo-in 稱往院 Shoo-in
Jodo Sect.
The temple was built in Yushima in 1596, then moved to Asakusa. It moved to Karasuyama in 1927 after the 1923 earthquake.

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source : tukitodora.exblog.jp

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10 Myooyuji 妙祐寺 Myoyu-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School


source : saiseki.net/specialties/temple13

The temple was built in Shibuya in 1625 with the statue of 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai which was dug out from the ground. It moved to Karasuyama due to the construction of the Ginza Line in 1937 and the re-zoning plan in 1949.
They have a unique main building which was built in the Indian style.

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11 Soofukuji 宗福寺 Sofuku-ji
Jodo Sect.
The temple moved to Karasuyama from Nippori after the 1923 earthquake.

12 Eiryuuji 永隆寺 Eiryu-ji
Hokke Sect.
日義上人 Nichiyoshi, a holy priest who taught the game of go to Tokugawa Ieyasu, built the temple in Kanda. Daikoku, a stone statue as the temple’s treasure, was given to the temple by お万の方 O-Man, one of Ieyasu’s concubines. The temple moved to Yanaka, Honjo, then to Karasuyama in 1928 after the 1923 earthquake.
There is a grave of 三遊亭圓生 Sanyutei Ensho (1839 - 1900), a Rakugo comic storyteller who was designated as a living national treasure.

13 Jooinji 浄因寺 Join-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School
The temple used to retain a grave of the 福岡黒田藩士 Kuroda family, who were clansmen in Fukuoka. It moved from Azabu to Karasuyama in 1924.

14 Zengyooji 善行寺 Zengyo-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School
The temple was originally built around Yokoyama-cho, Chuo-ku in the early Edo period, then moved to Tsukiji due to the large fire in the Meireki period. It moved to Karasuyma after the 1923 earthquake.

15 Manpukuji 萬福寺 Manpuku-ji, Mampukuji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School
The temple was built in Hamacho in the early Edo period, then moved to Tsukiji during the Meireki period. It moved to Karasuyama after the 1923 earthquake.

16 Myoozenji 妙善寺 Myozen-ji
Jodo-shin Sect. Honganji School
北条家家臣菅原正円 Sugawara Shoen, a vassal of the Hojo family, was converted to Buddhism, became a pupil of Shinran and built a thatched cottage in Ise. It is said to have been the origin of the temple. It moved to Tsukiji near the fish market, where the priests were engaged in missionary work. So they have many believers among fish market workers. It moved to Karasuyama in 1927.

17 Myoojuuji 妙寿寺 Myoju-ji
Hokke Sect.
The temple was originally built in Yanaka. It moved to Honjo-sarue, then to Karasuyama in 1924 after the 1923 earthquake. There is a temple bell made by 藤原正次
Fujiwara Shoji, a master of foundry, which was partly burnt in the 1923 earthquake. The guest room was relocated from the former house of the 鍋島侯爵邸 Prince Nabeshima. 正隆廟 Shoryubyo, a hall to worship for future generations was newly built in 2000.

18 Senkooji 専光寺 Senko-ji
Jodo Sect.
The temple was originally built in Shinagawa, and moved to Bakurai-cho, then Asakusa. It moved to Karasuyama in 1927 after the 1923 earthquake. The main building and the monks’ living quarters were burnt due to the air raid in 1945. The main building was re-built in 1958. There is a grave of 喜多川歌麿 Kitagawa Utamaro (1753 - 1806), an ukiyo-e artist.

19 Eiganji 永願寺 Eigan-ji
Shinshu-otani School
越後の堀家家臣浄順 Jojun, a vassal of the Hori family in Echigo became a priest and built the temple in Kanda. It moved to Asakusa. The buildings were damaged by the 1923 earthquake, but its principle image Amida statue and the necrology were saved from the fire.

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20 Koogenin 高源院 Kogen-in
Rinzai Sect.

久留米藩有馬家 有馬頼元 Arima Yorimoto (1654 - 1705), the fourth lord of the Kurume domain, was converted to Buddhism and built the temple in Shinagawa. 怡渓和尚 Ikei, the first priest of the temple, mastered the tea ceremony. The Ikei division of the Ishikawa school still exists. The temple moved to Karasuyama in 1926. Its pond, Benten-ike, is known as a spot where wild ducks come and stay. In the center of the pond, there is a little shrine, 浮御堂 Ukigodo, which enshrines 宝生弁財天 Hosho Benzaiten.

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21 Genryooin 源良院 Genryo-in
Jodo Sect.
The temple moved to Karasuyama from Asakusa in 1925 due to the 1923 earthquake. It used to be a temple for trainee monks. It enshrines 火伏観世音 Hifuse Kanzeon Bosatsu, which was believed to protect the Edo towns from further damage from the fires.

22 Myooyooji 妙揚寺 Myoyo-ji
Nichiren Sect.
The temple moved to Karasuyama from Yanaka Imosaka in 1928.

23 Genshooji 玄照寺 Gensho-ji
Nichiren Sect.
日延上人 Nichien, a priest brought up by 加藤清正 Kato Kiyomasa, built the temple in Shiba Shirogane. It moved to Karasuyama in 1927. There is a grave of the 戸川 Togawa family of the Niwase domain and a statue of 鬼子母神 Kishibojin, the goddess of childbirth and children.

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24 Joofukuji 常福寺 Jofuku-ji
Kenpon-hokke Sect.

The temple was built in Asakusa in 1511, then moved to Karasuyama in 1928 due to the 1923 earthquake.
In the precincts there are porcelain 狸 Tanuki racoon dogs in all sizes, which symbolize wealth and happiness.
Jofuku-ji HP - reference source : joufukuji.com -

. Tanuki 狸 Badger, Racoon Dog .

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25 Junshooji 順正寺 Junsho-Ji
高柳山 With a statue of Amida Nyorai by 恵心僧都 priest Eshin Sozu (Heian period).

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26 Sairenji 西蓮寺 Sairen-ji
Shinshu-otani School

宗誓上人 Shusei, born into a samurai family, became a priest and built the temple in Sakurada-mon. It moved to Toranomon, Mita, then to Karasuyama in 1939. There is a grave of Kokugakuin Kugayama School.
There is also a unique temple gate with tsuijibei築地塀 Tsuiji-style fence.
Sairen-ji HP : - reference source : sairen99.cocolog-nifty.com-

. tsuijibei 築地塀 Tsuiji fence - Introduction .

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Maps are available from Okubo Sekizai :
4-14-10, Minamikarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
- reference : ohkubo-sekizai.co.jp/teramachi/english



- reference : karasuyama teramachi -
- reference : 烏山 寺町 -
- reference : wikipedia -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #karasuyama #teramachi #templetown #edopilgrims - - - -
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- BACKUP Shitamachi Pilgrimage

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BACKUP  March 1, 2017

the original is here
https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2017/02/tokyo-shitamachi-pilgrimage.html














Tokyo Shitamachi Pilgrimage

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Pilgrimages in Edo - Tokyo - Introduction .
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東京下町八社巡り Pilgrimage to 8 Shrines in Shitamachi

This pilgrimage has started in 1981.
There is a deity in each Shinto Shrine for a special purpose and wish.




- quote -
Shitamachi Tokyo old town
Shitamachi literally means "downtown" and is the place to experience a taste of the old town Tokyo atmosphere that existed before the economic miracle of the 1970's and 80's really took hold. The most famous district of Shitamachi is Asakusa. At its heart you find Senso-ji Temple, best known for the giant red lantern situated at the entrance. This is a great place to start any exploration of Tokyo.
- source : insidejapantours.com/experience-japan -




The pilgrimage is also called
Shitamachi Hachi Fukujin 下町八福神 Eight Shinto Deities of Good Luck in Shitamachi Shrines


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amulets for all purposes at the Tori no Ichi Market.

. 酉の市 Tori no Ichi Markets in Edo .


shoobai hanjoo 商売繁盛 Good business

Ootori Jinja 鷲神社 Otori Jinja
台東区千束3-18-7 -- 3 Chome-18-7 Senzoku, Taitō ward

----- Deities in residence :
天日鷲命 Amenohiwashi no Mikoto, Ame no Hiwashi
日本武尊 Yamato Takeru no Mikoto




kakkome かっこめ Kakkome rake
kakkome is a pun with un o kakikomu 運をかき込む, to rake in good fortune
It contains the rake for farmers, a written amulet and an ear of rice, with the wish for a good harvest in the coming year. It is also good for business and a happy family.

- reference : hachifukujin829/ootori1 -


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縁結び Finding a partner

. 今戸神社 Imado Jinja .
台東区今戸1-5-22 -- 1 Chome-5-22 Imado, Taitō ward

----- Deities in residence :
伊弉諾尊 Izanagi no Mikoto // 伊弉冉尊 Izanami no Mikoto
應神天皇 Oojin Tenno


Famous for the story of the manekineko 招き猫 "Beckoning Cat"



- reference : hachifukujin829/imado1 -

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健康長寿 Long and healthy life

第六天榊神社 DairokutenSakaki Jinja
台東区蔵前1-4-3 -- 1 Chome-4-3 Kuramae, Taitō wear

----- Deities in residence :
天神第六代坐榊皇大御神
Amatsukami Mutsu no Miyo ni ataritamau Sakaki no Sume Oomikami
面足尊 Omodaru no Mikoto
惶根尊 Kashikone no Mikoto


- reference : hachifukujin829/sakaki1 -



The temple used to be called 第六天神宮 Dairokuten Jingu, and was renamed in 1873 to 榊神社 Sakaki Jinja.

. Dairokuten Ma-O 第六天魔王 .


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円満和合 Happy couple

下谷神社 Shitaya Jinja
台東区東上野3-29-8 -- 3 Chome-29-8 Higashiueno, Taitō ward

----- Deities in residence :
大年神 Ootoshi no Kami
日本武尊 Yamato Takeru no Mikoto



- reference : hachifukujin829/sitaya1 -

The Deity of Fertility in enshrined here. The Shrine was founded in 730 in Ueno park, and moved to another place in 1672. The final location to Higashi Ueno was done in 1703. The main event is the Grand Annual Festival, Reitaisai.



- further reference -

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学問芸能 Learning and progress in the arts

. Onoterusaki jinja 小野照崎神社 .
台東区下谷2-13-14 -- 2 Chome-13-14 Shitaya, Taitō ward

----- Deities in residence :
小野篁命 Ono no Takamura
菅原道真命 Sugawara Michizane




- reference : hachifukujin829/onoteru1 -

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安産子授け Getting pregnant and easy birth

. Suitengu 水天宮 Shrine for the Water God .
中央区日本橋蛎殻町2-4-1 -- 2 Chome-4-1 Nihonbashi Kakigarachō, Chūō ward

----- Deities in residence :
天御中主大神 Ame no Minakanushi no Ookami
安徳天皇 Antoku Tenno and his mother, 建礼門院 Kenreimon-In
二位ノ尼 Nii no Ama - Taira no Tokiko (1126 - 1185)




- reference : hachifukujin829/suitengu1 -

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強運厄除け Avoiding disaster

小網神社 Koami Jinja
中央区日本橋小網町16-23 -- 16-23 Nihonbashi Koamichō, Chūō ward

----- Deities in residence :
倉稲魂命 Ukanomitama no Mikoto (Uganomitama) / 稲荷大神 Inari Ookami
市杵島姫命 Ichikishima Hime no Mikoto / 辨財天 Benzaiten




- reference : hachifukujin829/koami1 -

- quote -
- History -
A long time ago, the monk 恵心僧都 源信 Eshin Sozu Genshin Eshin Sōzu Genshin lived here in a hermitage, worshipping the Buddhist goddesses Kannon and Benzaiten. It is not known, when exactly the hermitage was built, but it is assumed that the monk lived here about 1000 years ago.
As a plague spread here in 1466, an old net-weaver came here and brought rice-ears that entangled in one of his nets as offering and decided to stay for a few days. Then, one night, Eshin Sōzu appeared to the abbot of temple in a dream and told him, that this old man in fact was the god Inari and that the plague could be taken away if they worshipped him adequately.
The next day, the old man was gone. However, the abbot remembered the advice and prayed to the god – which he now called Koami Inari Daimyōjin (Inari of the small net) – day and night. After a little while the plague was gone and the people could live in peace again. The overlord the region, Ōta no Dōkan, also heard of this miracle and donated a part of his fiefdom to shrine. At the end of the 16th Century then, the area around the shrine was also named Koami and the shrine itself was beginning to be worshipped as a tutelary god.
In the Meiji-period (1868-1912) the state pursued a separation of Shinto and Buddhism, which both had moulded into a syncretic belief during the prior one-thousand years, and so the Koami Inari Shrine was officially registered as a shinto village shrine. The building as we can see it today was built in the 1920ies under the direction of Naitō Komasaburō, who also assisted the building of the Meiji-Shrine. Spared from the destruction of World War II, the shrine nowadays is the only wooden building made out of cypress wood in Nihonbashi. The wooden carvings of two dragons (one ascending, the other one descending) on the porch roof of the main hall symbolize luck and the shrine – now simply called Koami Shrine – stays an important cultural heritage, as which it is registered in the Chūō-district.
- The goddess of luck -
Having been spared from destruction and continuously being linked to health and safety the goddess of the shrine is seen as a god of luck. For instance, all the sons of the families who lived in the shrine, returned home safely from World War II. The shrine also survived the numerous bombings of Tokyo in 1945 and did not – like so many others did unfortunately – burn down completely. However, the building was destroyed once during the Great Kantō Earthquake in 1923, although the abbot of the shrine was able to secure most parts of the sanctuary by bringing them to Shin-ohashi. It is also said, that those people who sought shelter there, have survived the aftermath of the earthquake.
Today a memorial stone reminds us of this episode with an inscription saying:
„Praying to the sanctuary of the Koami Shrine, we seek the goddesses’ protection!“
- The History of the goddess Benzaiten -
At First the goddess Benzaiten was honoured in the Manpukuji temple. Then, as the Meiji-government sought to separate Buddhism from Shintoism and installed the latter as a state religion, the Buddhist temple was destroyed and the goddess Benzaiten was transferred to this shrine in 1869. The image here shows the goddess Benzaiten sitting in a boat.
Every year on October 28th a festivity is celebrated in honour of the goddess, where the sacrificial offerings, which are piled up in front of the altar, later on are raffled to the visitors.
Besides that, there is also a small well (named Zeni-arai-no-i), whose water is said to have the power to multiply the money that is washed with its water.
- Important annual festivities and rituals -
- Doburoku Festival -
- Mimizuku-Charms -



- Pilgrimages -
Every year there are pilgrimages to the eight surrounding shrines in Tokyo-Shitamachi and
the temples and shrines of the seven gods of luck in Nihonbashi from January 1th to 7th.
In our shrine we worship the gods Fukurokuju and Benzaiten, which are said to ward of the evil and shape our fate positively. On this occasion we sell popular images of the gods of luck, as well as charms in the form of miniature ships.
- source and photos : koamijinja.or.jp/international -

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交通安全 Traffic safety

住吉神社 Sumiyoshi Jinja
中央区佃1-1-14 -- 1 Chome-1-14 Tsukuda, Chūō ward

----- Deities in residence :
底筒之男命 Sokozutsu no O no Mikoto
中筒之男命 Nakazutsu no O no Mikoto
表筒之男命 Uwazutsu no O no Mikoto
息長足姫命 Okinagatarashi Hime no Mikoto .
徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu


- reference : hachifukujin829/sumiyosi1 -



. Sumiyoshi Shrines of Japan 住吉神社 .
Sumiyoshi Sanjin 住吉三神 Three Deities of Sumiyoshi


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At the end of the pilgrimage, you get a board with eight stamps.





- HP of the Pilgrimage
下町八社会公式ホームページ
- reference source : geocities.jp/hachifukujin829 -


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. Shichifukujin 七福神 Seven Gods of Good Luck .
- venerated in Buddhist Temples
Benten 弁天
Bishamonten 毘沙門天
Daikoku 大黒
Ebisu 恵比寿
Fukurokujuu 福禄寿
Hotei 布袋
Juroojin 寿老人



. - - - - - . kami 神 Shinto deities - LIST . - - - - - .

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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- - - #tokyoshitamachipilgrimage #tokyoshitamachi #shitamachipilgrims #shishifukujin - - - - -
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- BACKUP Edo Kannon Pilgrimage

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The Original is here

https://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.jp/2017/02/edo-33-kannon-pilgrimage.html

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Edo 33 Kannon Pilgrimage

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 - Introduction .
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江戸三十三観音霊場 Pilgrimage to 33 Kannon Temples of Edo
江戸三十三箇所




This is a rather new pilgrimage, put together in 1976.
But is leads to old temples dedicated to Kannon Bosatsu in Edo, founded from 1641 to 1703.

昭和新撰江戸三十三観音霊場

- under construction -
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01 浅草寺(台東区浅草2-3-1) 聖観世音菩薩 / 浅草観音 Asakusa Kannon
02 清水寺(台東区松が谷2-25-10) 千手観世音菩薩
03 大観音寺(中央区日本橋人形町1-18-9) 聖観世音菩薩
04 両国回向院(墨田区両国2-8-10) 馬頭観世音菩薩
05 大安楽寺(中央区日本橋小伝馬町3-5)  十一面観世音菩薩
06 清水観音堂(台東区上野公園1-29 寛永寺清水観音堂 千手観世音菩薩
07 心城院(文京区湯島3-32-4) 十一面観世音菩薩 / 湯島聖天
08 清林寺(文京区向丘2-35-3)  聖観世音菩薩
09 定泉寺(文京区本駒込1-7-12)  十一面観世音菩薩

10 浄心寺(文京区向丘2-17-4)  十一面観世音菩薩
11 圓乗寺(文京区白山1-34-6)  聖観世音菩薩
12 伝通院(文京区小石川3-14-6)  無量聖観世音菩薩
13 護国寺(文京区大塚5-40-1) 如意輪観世音菩薩
14 金乗院(豊島区高田2-12-39)  聖観世音菩薩 / 目白不動尊
15 . Hoojooji, Hōjōji 放生寺 Hojo-Ji .聖観世音菩薩 新宿区西早稲田2-1-14)
16 安養寺(新宿区神楽坂6-2) 十一面観世音菩薩
17 宝福寺(中野区南台3-43-2) 如意輪観世音菩薩 / 中野観音
18 真成院(新宿区若葉2-7-8) 潮干十一面観世音菩薩
19 東円寺(杉並区和田2-18-3) 聖観世音菩薩

20 天徳寺(港区虎ノ門3-13-6) 聖観世音菩薩
21 増上寺(港区芝公園4-7-35) 西向聖観世音菩薩
22 長谷寺(港区西麻布2-21-34)  十一面観世音菩薩 / 麻布大観音
23 大円寺(文京区向丘1-11-3) 聖観世音菩薩
24 梅窓院(港区南青山2-26-38) 泰平聖観世音菩薩
25 魚籃寺(港区三田4-8-34) 魚籃観世音菩薩 Gyoran Kannon
26 済海寺(港区三田4-16-23)  亀塚聖観世音菩薩
27 道往寺(港区高輪2-16-13) 聖観世音菩薩
28 金地院(港区芝公園3-5-4) 聖観世音菩薩・千手観世音菩薩
29 高野山東京別院(港区高輪3-15-18) 聖観世音菩薩 / 高輪結び大師

30 一心寺(品川区北品川2-4-18) 聖観世音菩薩 / 成田不動尊 Narita Fudo Son
31 品川寺(品川区南品川3-5-17)  水月観世音菩薩・聖観世音菩薩 / 品川観音 Shinagawa Kannon
32 世田谷山観音寺(世田谷区下馬4-9-4) 聖観世音菩薩 / 世田谷観音 Setagaya Kannon
33 目黒不動瀧泉寺(目黒区下目黒3-20-26) 聖観世音菩薩 / 目黒不動尊 Meguro Fudo Son

番外 Bangai
龍吟山 Ryuginsan 瑞林院 Zuirin-In 海雲寺 Kaiun-Ji 
海雲寺(品川区南品川3-5-21)
十一面観世音菩薩 / 品川千躰荒神 Shinagawa Sentai Kojin

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みぢかな出会い 江戸三十三観音ガイド


- reference source : tesshow.jp/edo33kannon_index -
- reference : wikipedia -

- general reference -

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Kannon Pilgrimages to explore in Tokyo

山の手三十三観音霊場 - Yamanote
東京三十三観音霊場 - Tokyo


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. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 - Introduction . .
. 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 Bhaisajyaguru - ABC .

. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and Talismans .


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hanzai crime glossary

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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hanzai 犯罪 crime and punishment - Glossary



江戸の犯罪白書 十手・捕縄・御用提燈-百万都市の罪と罰
重松一義

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- - - - - Alphabetical Index of Keywords - - - - -

- AAA - / - BBB - / - CCC - / - DDD - / - EEE -

- FFF - / - GGG - / - HHH - / - I I I - / - JJJ -

- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XXX - / - YYY - / - ZZZ -


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. Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 Hasegawwa Heizo .
Onihei Hankachō 鬼平犯科帳 Onihei Hankacho

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bakufu 幕府 the Edo government

banya 番屋 prison

bugyoo, bugyō 奉行 Bugyo officials, Commissioners in the Edo government - full list

Buke shohatto 武家諸法度 Laws for the Samurai
(lit. Various Points of Laws for Warrior Houses)


dooshin 同心 Doshin, lesser police officer

gokei 五刑 five judicial penalties

goyoo choochin 御用提燈 Goyo Chochin, police lanterns


Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei (1745 - 1795)

hitsuke toozoku aratemekata 火付け盗賊改 special police for arson and robberies


jishinban 自身番 / kidoban 木戸番 Guardian of a neighbourhood "gate"
- - - nowadays koban 交番 police box in the neighbourhood

jitte, jittei, jutte 十手 / 實手 metal truncheon, "ten hands"


keibatsu 刑罰 punishment

keisatsu 警察 police (after the Meiji restauration)

Kodenma-choo, Kodenma-chō 小伝馬町 Kodenma-cho prison in Edo


machibugyoo 町奉行 Machibugyo, town commissioner, magistrate and metropolitan governor and district court chief justice
(Minami Machibugyo and Kita Machibugyo)

meakashi 目明し semi-official detective

metsuke 目付 inspector

mushuku 無宿 vagabong, homeless


ninsoku yoseba 人足寄場 rehabilitation facility for criminals
- installed as a means to prevent crime


okappiki 岡引 semi-official detective

Onihei 鬼平 / Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 Hasegawwa Heizo

oobanya 大番屋 Obanya, main prison

Ooka Echizen 大岡越前守, Ooka Tadasuke (1677 - 1752) 

oometsuke 大目付 Ometsuke, chef of the inspectors, inspector general


rooju, rôjû 老中 "chief elder" - senior counselor

rōya, rooya 牢屋 Roya, the Shogunal prison


seppuku 切腹 death penalty for a samurai, honorable suicide

shirasu 白州 "white pebbles" court room outside the magistrate's office

shisai 死罪 death penalty (of a commoner)

shokei 処刑 execution


Tanuma Okitsugu 田沼意次 (1719 - 1788)

teshita 手下 undercover informants of the Doshin

Tooyama 遠山景元 Toyama Saemon no Jo Kagemoto - (1793 – 1855) Tōyama no Kin-san 遠山の金さん


torimono 捕物 police arrest

torimonochoo 捕物帳 document about an arrest

torinawa (hojoo) 捕縄 policeman's rope, "capture-rope" - arresting cord


yakuza やくざ / ヤクザ gangster, gang of gangsters

yoriki 与力 police inspectors


zenka 前科 criminal record

zanzai 斬罪 beheading (of a samurai)


- - - - -

- to be updated regularly -



十手・捕縄事典 - 江戸町奉行所の装備と逮捕術
名和弓雄 Nawa Yumio (1912 - 2006)

. Nawa Yumio - Contents of the book .

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. Criminal Punishment in Edo .
a glossary of terms



Kozukappara keijoo 小塚原刑場 Kozukappara execution grounds
Suzugamori keijoo 鈴ヶ森刑場 Suzugamori execution grounds 




. Kubizuka 首塚 memorial stone pagodas and mounds for the beheaded .

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- quote -
Edo period police
In feudal Japan, individual military and citizens groups were primarily responsible for self-defense until the unification of Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603. During the Edo period (1603–1868), the Tokugawa shogunate formed a centralized feudal government.[1] Samurai warriors who once protected Japan from foreign enemies and fought each other for supremacy became the new police and internal security force.[2] Their new job would be to ensure civil peace, which they accomplished for over 250 years.
----- History
During the Edo period the authoritarian Tokugawa shogunate instituted an elaborate police/security state, an administrative hierarchy was developed, and rules and regulations controlling many aspects of life in Japan went into effect. This new system of government has been called a police state,[4] possibly the world's first.
In 1868
the samurai era ended with the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and a new government came into power (Meiji government) and the samurai class was eventually abolished. In 1872, a former samurai [Kawaji Toshiyoshi] was sent to Europe to study systems of policing and he recommended a restructuring based partially on French and Prussian systems. In 1874, a nationalized police force was created using European police systems as a model. This new police force was the start of the modern police system in Japan, though it was initially dominated by former samurai from Satsuma who were part of the driving force behind the removal of the Tokugawa shogunate. The new Meiji period police continued the Edo period method of Japanese police controlling societal behavior and internal security as well as preventing and solving crimes.
----- Organization
The Edo period police apperatus utilized a multi-layered bureaucracy which employed the services of a wide variety of Japanese citizens. High and low ranking samurai, former criminals, private citizens and even citizens groups (Gonin Gumi) participated in keeping the peace and enforcing the laws and regulations of the Tokugawa shogunate.
----- Samurai police
Machi-bugyō
During the Edo period, high ranking samurai with an allegiance to the Tokugawa shogunate (hatamoto) were appointed machi-bugyō (city administrators or commissioners). The machi-bugyō performed the roles of chief of police, prosecutor, judge and other judicial related business both criminal and civil in Edo and other major towns.
Yoriki
Working under the machi-bugyō was the yoriki. Yoriki were samurai—they managed patrols and guard units composed of lower ranking police officials. Yoriki, being of a higher class, were able to ride a horse while performing their duties and were trusted to carry out assignments of high importance.
Dōshin
Working under the yoriki was the dōshin. Dōshin were samurai but of a lower class than yoriki—they performed the duties of prison guard and patrol officer which required close contact with commoners (chonin). They investigated crimes such as murder and helped with executions.
Non-samurai police assistants
Edo period police
relied heavily on commoners for assistance, from average village dwellers to the outcast hinin and eda castes. Members of the Japanese outcast were particularly helpful with guarding and executing prisoners, and disposing the bodies, something that samurai found to be repugnant (distasteful).
Komono
Komono were non-samurai chōnin who went with the dōshin on patrols and provided assistance.
Okappiki
Okappiki were non-samurai from the lowest outcast class, often former criminals who worked for the dōshin as informers and spies.
Gōyokiki/meakashi
Gōyokiki or meakashi were a non-samurai chōnin or outcast class who were hired by local residents and merchants to work as police assistants in a particular neighborhood—they were often former criminals. The term "tesaki" was used to describe gōyokiki or meakashi later in the Edo period.
----- Duties
Investigating crimes, arresting and interrogating arrested suspects, torturing criminal suspects in order to obtain a confession, punishing convicted criminals including executions.
----- Equipment
Edo period police used a variety of armor and carried lethal and non-lethal weapons to capture criminal suspects. If possible, suspected criminals were taken alive. This meant that special weapons and tactics had to be created in order to accomplish this task.
- - - Weapons
Bansho rokugin or keigo roku-go:
Edo period police stations were required to keep six kinds of weapons (bansho rokugin or keigo roku-go) available for use in case of disturbances.[16] these were the kanamuchi, the kiriko no bo, the tetto, the sodegarami, the tsukubo, and the sasumata.[Three of these tools were called torimono sandōgu ("three tools of arresting"), which consisted of the sodegarami, sasumata, and tsukubō. They were symbols of office and were often displayed in front of police checkpoints or used in processions, especially while convicted prisoners were being led to their execution.
Sodegarami
Sasumata
Tsukubo
Kanamuchi
Kiriko no bo
Tetto
Metsubushi
Jitte, Jutte: an iron or wooden club or truncheon, the jutte was a non-lethal weapon and an official symbol of office.
Te yari (hand spear): a small version of the yari suitable for use in confined spaces.
Kusari fundo/manriki
----- Armour
Edo period police and assistants wore chain armour clothing, armour for the hands, and armour for the head.
Hachi-gane (forehead protector).
Kusari katabira and kusari zukin (chain armor jacket and hood).
Han kote (gauntlets).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #hanzai #edocrime #edopolice #torimono - - - -
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ninsoku yoseba Hasegawa Heizo

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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ninsoku yoseba 人足寄場 rehabilitation facility for criminals
Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei 




Yoseba bugyoo 寄場奉行 - Yoseba Bugyo Magistrate for the Yoseba
. bugyoo, bugyō 奉行 Bugyo officials in the Edo government .

The first Yoseba was constructed at Ishikawajima 石川島 Ishikawa Island in 1790.



- quote
PUNISHMENT — BOTH CRUEL AND ENLIGHTENED
What was the prevailing attitude regarding the purpose of punishment during the Edo period?
According to the noted legal historian Ishii Ryôsuke, “The penal philosophy of the Edo shogunate was unquestionably preventive. At the beginning, the philosophy of general prevention dominated, but after the adoption of the Osadame-gaki, it was increasingly concerned with particular prevention.”

This focus on particular prevention was especially apparent in the ninsoku yoseba, a special facility for criminals regarded as capable of rehabilitation. The ninsoku yoseba was opened in 1790 at the recommendation of hitsuke tôzoku aratemekata chief Hasegawa Heizô— who was also its first director — and the approval of rôjû Matsudaira Sadanobu. Its inmates were those convicted of minor crimes, as well as mushuku, people whose names had been removed from the family register and were excluded from lawful social activities (including people who had been banished for earlier crimes).
At the ninsoku yoseba, these people received lessons in ethics and vocational training of various types. Moreover, the inmates were actually paid for the products of their labors, a practice virtually unheard of at the time.
- - - - - more about
Law Enforcement in the Edo Period
- source : japanecho.com/sum/2004



According to their performance, inmates were allowed to wear robes with less and less white dots, as they reached the time limit to go free.
They were helped to find work in the line they had been trained at the Yoseba.


石川島人足寄場

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石川島灯台(人足寄場跡)
The Ishikawa Lighthouse memorial at the remains of the Yoseba, now in 佃公園 Tsukuda Park.

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Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei 
長谷川 宣以 Hasegawa Nobutame (1745 - 1795) )
Childhood names: 銕三郎 Tetsusaburo, 銕次郎 Tetsujiro - Tettchan
Hitsuke Toosoku Aratameyaku 火付盗賊改役 chef of the police force for arson and theft




長谷川平蔵 ― その生涯と人足寄場
江戸の中間管理職 長谷川平蔵―働きざかりに贈る
滝川政次郎

- reference : books about Hasegawa Heizo -

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- quote -
Onihei Hankachō 鬼平犯科帳 Onihei Hankacho
is a popular series of stories and television jidaigeki in Japan. It has been based on a novel by 池波正太郎 Shōtarō Ikenami which started in the December 1967 issue of the light novel magazine "All Yomimono (ja)" published by Bungei Shunjū which published the first hard cover the following year. Onihei Hankachō developed into a series, and adaptations into TV programs, a film and theater followed.
A TV anime adaption aired in 2017.
The title character is Hasegawa Heizō, who started as a chartered libertine before succeeding his father as an heir and was appointed the head of the special police who had jurisdiction over arson-robberies in Edo. Nicknamed by the villain "Onihei," meaning "Heizō the demon," he led a band of samurai police and cultivated reformed criminals as informants to solve difficult crimes. Later, he was titled "Hitsuke tōzoku aratamekata" (police force for arson and theft), and opened an office at his official resident.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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- reference : edo ninsoku yoseba -

Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era:
Another institution in Edo connected with the maintenance of public order was a group of workhouses (ninsoku yoseba)

Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Edo:
The Ninsoku Yoseba of 1790

Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan:
Hiramatsu Yoshiro, “Ninsoku yoseba no Seiritsu"


Rōya-bugyō 牢屋奉行 – Commissioners of the shogunal prison
- reference : wikipedia -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #ninsoku #yoseba #ninsokuyoseba #hasegawaheizo #onihei - - - -
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torimono and jitte

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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torimono 捕物 police arrest - Glossary

. hanzai 犯罪 crime and punishment - Glossary .



十手・捕縄事典 - 江戸町奉行所の装備と逮捕術
名和弓雄 Nawa Yumio (1912 - 2006)
Dictionary of Jitte and Torinawa
Edo machibugyosho no sobi to taihojutsu


- reference source : melkdo.jp/item -

第1編 捕物捕具編

一 捕物道具と捕縛術
中国大陸から伝来
吉宗が改革した「十手捕縄扱い様」

二 打物捕具について
鼻捻の発生
鼻捻が捕者道具に転用された理由
現代の警棒にも活用
鼻捻の使い方
鼻捻の変遷
イギリスの警棒と同型

三 痿し(萎えし)の効果
痿し(萎えし)の発想
尖端部分の突起を強化
痿し(萎えし)の使い方
手貫紐の効用と握柄
「連れ返し」の技法

四 「十手」の出現と呼称の変遷 Jitte
「十手」に対する様々な名称
十手を「骨斧」と称した流派
「一角流」では「手棒」と呼称
「鐵簡」「卦算」の由来
「鐵挺」「銀棒」「鐵尺」の異名

五 各流古文書に遺された「十手」異称への考察
明大刑事博物館の「申渡覚」
實手、術手、十挺、十當、賢手、轉木
名称と文字由来への考察
木製鉄鈎十手
木製十手の鈎のつけ方

六 異形な十手への工夫と俗称
型稽古用木十手
鍛鉄製十手
鉄製十手の長短と各俗称
太刀もぎの鈎

七 鉄製・真鍮製十手も鈎のつけ方
棒身から鍵を鍛造の際に打ち出す法
棒身に角穴をあけ鈎の脚をかすめる十手の鈎のつけ方
蒲鉾形鉄環に鍵を鍛接し、棒身にとおす法
太鼓胴鈎
鈎鍔
割り開きかしめ
牛角鈎、三つ鈎、四つ鈎
通し焼きはめ鈎
サーベル形鈎

八 特殊な太刀もぎ鈎のつけ方
美しい形をした「刃鈎」
鈎幅をかえる様式
手錠十手の鈎
鈎の横手に火口があり火蓋のついた鈎
支柱を入れて補強した鈎
鈎の内側に鋸歯
鈎の角に小穴や小鈎
菊座の効用

九 十手の握柄と棒身
十手の握柄
握り柄の辷り止めの工夫
下級捕吏用の「藤皮巻」
「こより巻き」「牛の生皮」「牛なめし皮巻き」
「緋羅紗包み」と「鮫皮巻き」
不動明王の破邪降魔剣の五鈷杵を模した柄
与力・同心「銀流し十手」の握柄
十手の棒身と漆懸け
「銀流し」の手法と「銀張り」
「牛皮包み」「なめし皮包み十手」
鞘に入った十手三種
「十手棒身」に象眼あるものは贋物
銀流し与力・同心十手は疑物という説
十手棒身の先端について

十 「十手紐付環」と「房紐」
水平回轉環
紐付環の形状
朱銅について
十手の房紐について
与力・同心の十手の房紐の巻き方

十一 十手の握り方とその理由
十手の握り方
十手で打ち萎やす四打法
十手を巻いて打つ打法
手首二回転打法

十二 十手の分類と見分け方
十一種に分けられる十手
江戸町方与力の十手
江戸町方同心の十手
捕者出役の長十手
奉行所備え付けの「定寸十手」(坊主十手)
目明しの十手
火付盗賊改め方の十手
関東八州取締り出役代官手代・手付き十手
八州番太の十手
八州目明しの十手

十三 関西(京都・奈良・大坂)の与力十手の様式
関西の十手の特殊性
関西の与力十手と同心十手の見分け方
関西与力時射てと同心十手の長さの違い
関西、与力・同心十手の房紐について
大坂の捕方の十手房紐について

十四 十手の携行方法について
十手袋と袱紗
十手携行が公認される場合
八州取締り出役の代官手代・代官手付
八州の番太・楠流十手
八州の目明し(道案内)の十手
大坂の捕方の十手の携行法

十五 十手の製作者について
十手師と書き遺された専門職人
白銀師(錺り職人)
刀鍛冶
鎌鍛冶

十六 「十手捕縄術」の系譜について
「江戸町方十手捕縄扱い様」の系譜及び名和宗家に伝承の由来
「十手蒐集と研究」との出会い
「十手術」の魅力

十七 鉄刀と鉄鞭及び「鉄人流十手」について
鉄刀
鉄鞭
鉄人流十手

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十八 捕縛禁固具について
捕縄 - Torinawa - "capture-rope" - arresting cord
捕縄の長さ
早縄と本縄
捕縄の持ち方、巻き方、解き方
鈎縄
手鎖
早手錠
鍛鉄製早手錠

十九 警報用具について
呼子笛
太鼓、拍子木、板木

二十 握物捕具について
角手
南蛮鈎
手の内
まろほし

二十一 投物捕具について
目潰し具

二十二 鎖物捕具について
鉄鎖のつくり方
棍飛
万力鎖
鎖棒
龍吨(熊手)

二十三 捕物用照明具について
龕燈提灯
松明
籠火(毬火)
火串
御用提灯

二十四 防禦具について
着込
鉢鉄(額當)
鉄笠と鉄楯

二十五 長柄仕寄具について
鉄棒
寄棒
打込
袖搦
刺又
突棒
鎖奪い
刀奪い
南蛮棒

二十六 明治末期以後の捕具
実用新案特許の十手の出現
能海式手錠十手
台湾警察で開発された特殊警防具
マイティ・スティック(警棒型警戒用具)
分銅付き捕縄内臓手錠付きステッキ

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jitte, jittei 十手 / 實手 metal truncheon of an Edo policeman

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第2編 江戸時代の捕方と逮捕術

一 捕方の服装
町方与力の服装
町方同心の服装
関東八州取締り出役の服装
八州取締り出役の任免について
アメリカ西部保安官に似た八州番太

二 「江戸町方十手扱い様」の制定
「扱い様」制定の時期と理由
「破邪顯正の型」の四つの動き
十手を構える場合の手と脚の動き
「十手の構え」五型について
「双角の構え」四型について

三 「江戸町方十手捕縄扱い様」の十二型
型開始前の間合、礼法、抜刀、破邪顯正の型、構えについて
十手 一の型「四方拂い」
十手 二の型「柄とり」
十手 三の型「巻きおとし」
十手 四の型「左入身」
十手 五の型「右入身」
十手 六の型「連れがえし」
十手 七の型「座捕り」
十手 八の型「上段受け」
十手 九の型「閂捕り」
十手 十の型「柄返し」
十手 十一の型「咽喉輪捕り」
十手 十二の型「送り足拂い」

四 「江戸町方十手双角」の十八型
「双角の型」とは
「順手双角」一の型
「順手双角」二の型
「順手双角」三の型
「順手双角」四の型
「順手双角」五の型
「順手双角」六の型
「卍双角」七の型
「卍双角」八の型
「卍双角」九の型
「卍双角」十の型
「逆手双角」十一の型
「逆手双角」十二の型
「逆手双角」十三の型
「放鷹双角」十四の型
「放鷹双角」十五の型
「放鷹双角」十六の型
「放鷹双角」十七の型
「放鷹双角」十八の型

五 伝承・江戸時代の逮捕術と捕方
与力・同心・小者の出役振り
逮捕術の構えと捌き方
つかみ方・足の掛け方
組み伏せ方

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- quote -
A jitte (十手, literally "ten hands")
is a specialized weapon that was used by police in Edo period Japan. It is also spelled jutte.
History
In feudal Japan, it was a crime punishable by death to bring a sword into the shogun's palace. This law applied to almost everyone, including the palace guards. Due to this prohibition, several kinds of non-bladed weapons were carried by palace guards. The jitte proved particularly effective and evolved to become the symbol of a palace guard's exalted position.
In Edo period Japan
the jitte was a substitute for a badge, and it represented someone on official business. It was carried by all levels of police officers, including high-ranking samurai police officials and low-rank samurai law enforcement officers (called okappiki or doshin). Other high-ranking samurai officials carried a jitte as a badge of office, including hotel, rice and grain inspectors (aratame). The jitte is the subject of the Japanese martial art of jittejutsu.

Description and technique
Jitte may have a small pointed tip or blade attached to the tsuka and hidden in the boshin. Jitte could be highly decorated with all manner of inlays and designs or very plain and basic depending on the status of the owner and the jitte's intended use. Jitte could range in length from around 12 inches to over 24 inches. The modern jitte is about 45 cm (18 inches) long with no cutting edge and a one-pronged tine, called kagi, about 5 cm long starting just above the hilt and pointing toward the tip sentan.
A popular misconception is that the kagi is used to catch a sword. It could possibly be used for this purpose, but the hook's proximity to the hand would make it rather dangerous. When faced with a swordsman, a more likely use for the hook would be to capture and arrest the blade after blocking it with the boshin. The kagi's more common use is to hook into clothing or parts of the body like the nose or mouth, or to push into joints or other weak points on the body. It also could be used to hook the thumb while holding the weapon backwards, to allow different techniques such as punches and blocks, very similarly to a sai. The jitte can also be used in much the same manner as other short sticks or batons, to strike large muscle groups and aid in joint manipulation.



- - - - - Parts of the jitte
Boshin, the main shaft of the jitte which could be smooth or multi sided. The boshin of most jitte were usually iron but some were made from wood.
Sentan, the tip or point of the jitte.
Kagi, the hook or guard protruding from the side of the jitte. Jutte may have more than one kagi with some jitte having two or three kagi.
Kikuza (chrysanthemum seat), if the kagi is attached to the boshin through a hole in the boshin, the protrusion on the opposite side is called a kikuza.
Tsuka, the handle of the jitte which could be left plain, it could also be wrapped or covered with various materials.
Tsukamaki, the wrapping on the handle (tsuka). Materials such as ray skin same', leather, and cord were used for tsukamaki on jittes.
Kan, the ring or loop at the pommel of the tsuka. A cord or tassel could be tied to the kan.
Tsuba, a hand guard present on some types of jitte.
Koshirae. Jitte can occasionally be found housed in a sword type case hiding the jitte from view entirely, this type of jitte can have the same parts and fittings as a sword including:seppa, tsuba, menuki, koiguchi, kojiri, nakago, mekugi-ana and mei.

Other jitte types and similar weapons
Karakuri jitte
Marohoshi
Naeshi or nayashi jitte have no hook or kagi.
Tekkan
Hachiwara

- source : wikipedia -

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torinawa 捕縄 - "capture-rope" - arresting cord



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Edo Machikata Jitte Torinawa Atsukaiyo
the iron truncheon and arresting cord art practiced by the feudal Edo police, is one of the arts transmitted within Masaki-ryu Nakajima-ha. The art is broadly comprised of Ikkaku (forms practiced with a single jitte) and Sokaku (forms practiced with a jitte in one hand and a hananeji/naeshi in the other). The Sokaku forms are comprised of Namite Sokaku (Jujiken), Sakate Sokaku (Hachijiken), Manji Sokaku (Manjiken) and Hoyo Sokaku.

Namite Sokaku and Sakate Sokaku are mainly used to restrain a violent swordsman, and Hoyo Sokaku include special tactics such as throwing the jitte. Manji Sokaku is mainly comprised of techniques against polearms and chain weapons.

Edo Machikata Jitte Torinawa Atsukaiyo, the iron truncheon and arresting cord art practiced by the feudal Edo police, is one of the arts transmitted within Masaki-ryu Nakajima-ha. The art is broadly comprised of Ikkaku (forms practiced with a single jitte) and Sokaku (forms practiced with a jitte in one hand and a hananeji/naeshi in the other). The Sokaku forms are comprised of Namite Sokaku (Jujiken), Sakate Sokaku (Hachijiken), Manji Sokaku (Manjiken) and Hoyo Sokaku.

Namite Sokaku and Sakate Sokaku are mainly used to restrain a violent swordsman, and Hoyo Sokaku include special tactics such as throwing the jitte. Manji Sokaku is mainly comprised of techniques against polearms and chain weapons.
- source : masakiryu-nakajimaha.org -


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. hanzai 犯罪 crime and punishment - Glossary .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Ushigome

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Ushigome 牛込
- former - Ushigome-Ku 牛込区 Ushigome ward


The area used to be an extensive pasture land for cattle already in the Asuka period around 700, hence the name, "herds of cattle".

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In an edict during the reign of Monmu Tennō 文武天皇 Emperor Monmu (701-704) a place variously referred to as Kanzaki no Gyūmaki 神崎牛牧 Kanzaki Cattle Ranch and Gyūnyūin 乳牛院“The Milk Institute” was established in the area in the vicinity of Moto-Akasaka Jinja 元赤城神社 Old Akasaka Shrine.
A branch of the Ōgo-shi 大胡氏 Ōgo clan from Kōzuke no Kuni 上野国 Kōzuke Province had been living in the Ushigome area since the 1300’s.
- source : japanthis.com/2013 -




On March 15, 1947, the three wards of Yotsuya, Ushigome, and Yodobashi merged to create Shinjuku City.
. Shinjuku 新宿  .

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Ushigome moat, a moat that exists between Iidabashi Station and Ichigaya Station. It forms part of the boundary between Shinjuku and Chiyoda wards.
Ushigome Mitsuke, one of the 36 mitsuke of the Edo Castle, existed on the Chiyoda side of Ushigome bridge.
Ushigome Kagurazaka Station
Ushigome Yanagichō Station
- source : wikipedia

牛込馬場下横町 Ushigome Babashita Yokocho (present 喜久井町 Kikuicho)
Ushigome Go-Tansucho 牛込御箪笥町 "Village of Tansu makers"(see below)


牛込神楽坂 Ushigome Kagurazaka
Utagawa Hiroshige, 1840.


Ushigomebashi 牛込橋 Ushigome Bridge
This bridge led from Kagurazaka to Edo Castle. If you crossed the bridge you would arrive at Ushigome-mitsuke 牛込見附 Ushigome Approach and there you would see the Ushigome go-mon 牛込御門 Ushigome Gate. The bridge spanned Ushigomebori 牛込濠 Ushigome Moat. Today the moat is dammed up under the bridge and the Chūō Line runs under it.



The Weir of the River Kandagawa at Kagurazaka
Edo Meisho Zue 江戸名所図会 「目白下大洗堰」


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Bentenchoo 牛込弁天町 Ushigome Bentencho

. 多聞院 Tamon-In .
(新宿区弁天町100) Bentencho, Shinjuku


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牛込城 remains of Ushigome Castle

In 1553 a member of the Ōgo-shi 大胡氏 Ōgo clan switched allegiance from the Uesugi to the Hōjō and in return was granted dominion over the area stretching from present day Ushigome to Hibiya (ie; Edo Bay). The lord built a castle (fortified residence) somewhere in that area and took the place name to establish his own branch of the family and thus the Ushigome clan was born, 牛込氏 Ushigome-shi. The area is elevated so it would have been defensible. It also had a view of Edo Bay and so they could keep an eye on who was coming in and out of Edo-wan E江戸湾 do Bay.
... It’s not clear where the castle was located, but there is a tradition at Kōshō-ji 光照寺 Kōshō Temple that says the temple was built on the site of 牛込城 Ushigome Castle.
- source : japanthis.com/2013 -


- CLICK for more photos of the area !

. Ushigome Katsushige 牛込勝重 .
lord of 牛込城 Ushigome Castle.
and more about Tansumachi 箪笥町 / Koishikawa Gotansu Machi 小石川御箪笥町
In 1713, this area was entrusted to a local magistracy and a town was developed. The original name of the town was 牛込御箪笥町 Ushigome go-tansu machi.




Ushigome Go-Tansucho 牛込御箪笥町 "Village of Tansu makers"

春立つやぶらり牛込箪笥町
haru tatsu ya burari Ushigome Tansumachi

spring begins -
I take a leisurely walk in Ushigome
Tansumachi town


赤瀬川昌彦 Akasegawa Masahiko

. tansu 箪笥 / 簞笥 / たんす chest of drawers, Kommode .
箪笥町 Tansumachi, Tansucho


Tansumachi 箪笥町 / Koishikawa Gotansu Machi 小石川御箪笥町



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Kōitsu, 土屋光逸 Tsuchiya Koitsu (1870 – 1949)

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Asakusa 浅草

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Tanaka 田中幸右衛門 Tanaka Koemon

Tanaka Koemon lived in Ushigome Yamabushicho. One day he went to Asakusa and on his way back bought
金龍山の餅 special rice cakes from the famous shop Kinryuzan.
When he passed the gate 田安門 Tayasumon, he heard a strange voice call his name. He became afraid and threw the rice cakes in the direction of the voice, coming home empty-handed.

. Asakusa 浅草 district in Edo .
Now 市谷山伏町 Ichigaya Yamabushicho, Shinjuku



金竜山浅草餅本舗 Kinryuzan Mochi Shop in Asakusa, Nakamise
2 Chome-3-1 Asakusa, Taito, Tokyo
The Seikannon Sect of the Asakusa Temple carries the official name of Kinryuzan.



Tayasu-mon, Entrance to 北の丸公園 Kitanomaru Park
Two gated entrances survive from time of Edo Castle the Shimizu-mon and further north the Tayasu-mon.
The Tayasu-mom was the northern most gate of Edo Castle and consists of both a Korai-mon style outer gate and a Yagura-mon style fortified inner gatehouse with highly stacked stone walls forming a narrow defensive courtyard between the two.
An inscription on the outer side of the Tayasu-mon states the gate was constructed in 1685, making it one of the oldest surviving structures of the original castle.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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daihooshi 大法師 The Great Priest

In 牛込山伏町 Yamabushicho, a man named 朝倉八十五郎 Asakura Yasogoro wanted to put up residence. When he came to the Gate, there stood a very large priest. Yasogoro was not afraid and greeted him properly. Suddenly he felt something trying to sneek into his sleeve. When he looked back to the road, the priest had suddenly disapeared.

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dainaru hi 大なる燈 The Great Lantern

Around 1720 there was a Kannon temple called 伝通院 Dentsu-In. On the 25th day of the first lunar there appeared a strange light like a lantern above the temple, slowly moving from North to South. It then moved up to the sky and became a star which glowed and sparkled every night. On the 8th day of the third lunar month there was a large fire, covering the area from Ushigome to 千住 Senju. Later they found the bodies of many people who had died in the garden of this temple.

. 江戸三十三観音霊場 Pilgrimage to 33 Kannon Temples of Edo .
12 伝通院(文京区小石川3-14-6) Nr. 12 - Dentsu-In

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hikarimono 光り物 great light

At night on the 8th day of the 10th lunar month, a huge stone fell from the sky in Ushigome.
The year before, a similar stone had fallen down in 八王子 Hachioji.
There was thunder in the night and a light like a lightning.

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koku-un 黒雲 black cloud

In the year 1668, on the 6th day of the second lunar month, it suddenly begun to hail with a great thunderstorm.
Someone had died at Ushigome. When the body was brought to the burial ground for burning, a black cloud came down from the sky and covered the bones. From the could the bones of legs were danglilng down. Yes, many people have seen this.

寛文7年閏2月6日、急に雹が降り雷が鳴った時に牛込で人が死んだ。火葬場に送ったところ黒雲が舞い下り死骸を覆った。雲から死骸の足が垂れ下がり多くの人がそれを見た。


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kuruiji 狂い死 a mad death

In Ushigome there was a female doctor, who suddenly fell down with great pain and begun to cry and shout in the voice of a child in pain. Then the pain was like splitting the skull and tearing her heart and stomach open. She even tried to murder some children in her hospital and after three days of mad behavior she finally died. This doctor had often given medicine and help for abortions, and this was the revenge for her cruel deeds.


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neko Jizo 猫地蔵 Jizo and the Cat
Once in Edo there lived a man in Ushigome. He had a beloved cat, but the animal died and he was very sad.
Jizo Bosatsu appeared in his dream and advised him to go to the temple Jishoo-In 自性院 Jisho-In to see the high priest 鑑秀上人. He told him to have the statue of a cat erected.
This is now the Migawari Jizo, which takes on our illness and problems.
. neko Jizoo 猫地蔵 Neko Jizo. "Jizo with Cat" .


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Sarayashiki 皿屋敷 The Dish Mansion

Banchō Sarayashiki 番町皿屋敷 The Dish Mansion at Banchō
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

The story of the Sarayashiki is located in three places of Edo, one of them is 江戸牛込御門 Ushigome Gomon Gate.
The other is the Mansion of the lord of the domain of 雲州松江 Unshu Matsue and even 播州 Harima.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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牛込に古き弓師や軒しやうぶ
Ushigome ni furuki yumishi ya noki shoobu

this old bow maker
at Ushigome -
iris under the eaves

Tr. Gabi Greve

中村吉右衛門 Nakamura Kichiemon


. WKD : noki shoobu 軒菖蒲 iris under the eaves" .
noki ayame 軒あやめ "iris under the eaves"
- - kigo for mid-summer - -

In 1689 Matsuo Basho (松尾芭蕉) crossed the Natori River and entered Sendai, Miyagi on The Narrow Road to Oku.’
It was the day they celebrate by converting their roofs with ‘Sweet flags’, or Calami’ (あやめ). He visited there around the time of the Sweet Flags Festival (あやめの節句) (5th day of Fifth Month, also called the Boy’s Festival), when sweet flags were displayed on the eaves of houses to drive away evil spirits, or they took “Shobuyu, or 菖蒲湯 (bath with floating sweet flag leaves)” baths. The leaves keep mosquitoes and snakes away with strong fragrance.




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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Yarai district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
for Kagurazaka, see below
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Yaraichoo 矢来町 Yarai-Cho "Palisade quarter"
Ushigome Yaraicho 牛込矢来町

Now in Shinjuku ward.
For a definition of YARAI, see below.

Located on a plain up the slope of Kagurazaka. There are many publishing companies in the district.



In the Edo period, the estate of the lord Sakai Tadakatsu was located here.
Tadakatsu did not put a wall around his estate, since that was below his dignity and status, and just had a
take yarai竹矢来 bamboo fence erected.
The Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu 将軍家光 often came to visit him.
During the 寛永16年8月11日 Great Fire of Edo in August 1639 Iemitsu fled to this estate too. To protect the Shogun, Tadakatsu now had a wall erected and soldiers with spears were placed around the bamboo fence.
This fence later became a proud part of his estate and was not pulled down after the Shogun left...
And the region around that estate became known as Yarai shita 矢来下 "below the palisade".
In 1915 part of his large estate was abolished to make room for the main street of
牛込中央通り Ushigome Chuodori.

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- quote -
Sakai Tadakatsu酒井忠勝 (1587 - 1662)
also known as Sanuki-no-kami, was tairō, rōjū, master of Wakasa-Obama castle (若狭国小浜城) and daimyo of Obama Domain in Wakasa Province in the mid-17th century.



As tairō, he was one of the two highest ranking bakufu officials in Tokugawa Japan from his elevation on November 7, 1638, through May 26, 1656.
- The "Nambu incident" and the the Dutch Ship Breskens
- Nihon Ōdai Ichiran is first published in Kyoto under the patronage of the tairō Sakai Tadakatsu in 1652.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


小浜藩酒井大老登城行列 Procession in honor of Sakai Tadakatsu


- source : wako226.exblog.jp

Shogun Iemitsu, Sakai Tadakatsu and more that 30 people clad as samurai walk up the
神楽坂 Kagurazaka slope"to Edo Castle".

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. Doctor Sugita Genpaku 杉田玄白 (1733―1817) .
He was born in Yarai in 1733 in the 牛込矢来屋敷 Yashiki of the Sakai Clan.



His memorial stone is in the park Yarai Koen 矢来公園.

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The Rakugo teller 古今亭志ん朝 Kokontei Shincho (1938 - 2001)
lived in this district and sometimes called himself Shinchō, 矢来町の旦那 The Patron of Yaraicho.

. Rakugo 落語 Comic Story Telling .



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yarai 矢来 palisade, fence
The old Chinese character was遣(や)らい.矢来 is a phonetically suited writing (ateji 当て字).
Tush a fence is not much higher than two meters.
maruta yarai丸太矢来 were made from round wooden poles.
They were often installed for a temporary purpose and thus easy to remove.




ootsugaki 大津垣 Otsugaki, Lit. Ootsu fence // yaraigaki矢来垣,

- quote -
chousengaki 朝鮮垣, and chousen yarai 朝鮮矢来 (chosen yarai, Korean fence).
A type of simple bamboo fence. In 1711 a Korean mission traveling from Ootsu 大津 to Edo attracted so much attention that the government ordered people to erect fences along the road on which the Koreans passed. These fences were made with pieces of uncut bamboo tied on intersecting diagonals between two or three cross bars of split bamboo. Often the projecting bamboo at the top is cut to create a sharp edge.
- source : JAANUS -

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Kagurazaka - Kagurasaka 神楽坂 "Slope of the Music of the Gods"
Ushigome Kagurazaka 牛込神楽坂


. Ritual Kagura Dance 神楽 - Introduction.


牛込神楽坂 Ushigome Kagurazaka
Utagawa Hiroshige, 1840.

- quote -
... near Iidabashi Station. It has a shopping street at its center, lined by numerous cafés and restaurants.
The main road of Kagurazaka was once at the outer edge of Edo Castle, opposite the Ushigome bridge over the castle moat, and has always been busy because of this privileged location. In the early 20th century, the area was renowned for its numerous geisha houses, of which several remain today. Currently, Kagurazaka is experiencing a popularity boom due to its traditional atmosphere on the edge of modern Shinjuku ward, the existence of the original campus of Tokyo University of Science and its proximity to Waseda University. The area is also home to a number of publishing houses.
Kagurazaka
is also widely regarded as an important center of Japanese cuisine within the Kanto region. Several old and famous ryōtei are to be found in the winding back streets, often accessible only by foot. These provide expensive kaiseki cuisine, generally regarded as the pinnacle of Japanese food. They also allow diners to invite geisha to provide entertainment during the evening. Many shops in the area cater to this culture, especially selling kimono, Japanese sweets, and tea.

The Kagurazaka Awa Odori (阿波踊り) festival (originating in Tokushima) is held the fourth Friday and Saturday each July. The Kagurazaka connection to the dance goes back to the Edo era, when the Tokugawa daimyo donated the Ushigome Mitsuke. This is the fortified gate at the bottom of the Kagurazaka hill, on the opposite side of the canal. Today, only its foundations remain, just to the south of JR Iidabashi station.

Akagi Shrine (Akagi Jinja 赤城神社) was formerly at the top end of Kagurazaka. It was redeveloped with a new shrine and apartment complex, designed by Kengo Kuma and opened to the public in September 2010.
- source : wikipedia -



source : wako226.exblog.jp/15588590
江戸名所百人美女・神楽坂 Beauties of Edo / 歌川国貞 Utagawa Kunisada

- quote -
Kagurazaka has a long history.
In the middle of 16th century the Ogo clan who had ruled the southern foot of Mt. Akagi in Gunma prefecture moved to Kagurazaka and built the Ushigome Castle near the present-day Koshoji Temple. At that time Akagi shrine was transferred from Mt. Akagi. When Ieyasu TOKUGAWA moved to Edo (present-day Tokyo) in 1590, Ushigome clan (renamed from Ogo clan) served Tokugawa family and the Ushigome Castle was demolished.
After Tadakatsu SAKAI who became Tairo (chief minister) later built his residence in 1628 of the Edo period (1603 - 1868), lines of samurai residences stood along Kagurazaka Street.
Bishamonten Zenkokuji Temple毘沙門天 善國寺 moved there in 1791 and after that an entertainment district was formed, which led to regional development as Hanamachi (Geisha district).
In the Meiji period (1868 - 1912) samurai residences were demolished and Kagurazaka developed as a commercial district. It came to flourish as one of the most bustling shopping and entertainment districts in Tokyo after Kobu Railway Ushigome station (present-day JR Sobu line Iidabashi station) was established in 1895. It was referred to as Yamanote Ginza and developed further because it avoided damages by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.
Unfortunately the entire town was destroyed by the air raid in 1945 during the World War II but it was restored after the war and achieved the height of prosperity as Hanamachi in the 1950s. After that the number of Ryotei and Geisha decreased and it retains the traces of Hanamachi in a part of the town. Also it lost its position as an entertainment district to terminal stations such as Shinjuku and Shibuya. However it attracts people’s attention in recent years for example it was used as a location site for a drama in 2007, so it is crowded with many people as a sightseeing spot.
- source : ambassadors-japan.com/en-


source : wako226.exblog.jp/15588590
神楽坂毘沙門 Kagurazaka Bishamon - 歌川国貞 Utagawa Kunisada

. Bishamon-Ten . 毘沙門天 Vaishravana .


. Ushigome 牛込 - Introduction .


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雪ばんば縋る白洲の竹矢来
yukibanba sugaru shirasu no takeyarai

cotton flies
cling to the bamboo fence
around the white gavel court . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

町田しげき Machida Shigeki

. yuki banba 雪婆(ゆきばんば) cotton fly .
- kigo for early winter -




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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Keian Uprising

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Keian jiken 慶安事件 The Keian uprising in 1651
Keian no hen 慶安の変


The Keian period, from April 1, 1649 till 1652



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.. a failed coup d'état attempt carried out against the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1651, by a number of rōnin. Though it failed, the event is historically significant as an indication of a wider problem of disgruntled ronin throughout the country at the time. Masterminded by Yui Shōsetsu and Marubashi Chūya, the uprising is named after the Keian era in which it took place.

According to strategist Yui's plan, Marubashi would take Edo Castle, the headquarters of the shogunate, using barrels of gunpowder to begin a fire which would rage through Edo, the capital. In the confusion, with the authorities distracted by firefighting efforts, the ronin would storm the castle and kill key high officials.

At the same time, Yui would lead a second group and seize the Tokugawa stronghold in Sunpu (modern-day city of Shizuoka). Further action was planned for Osaka Castle and Kyoto. They timed their rebellion to take advantage of the death of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, as his successor, Ietsuna, was still a child. The conspirators aimed to force the shogunate to relax its policies of seizing hans and dispossessing daimyōs, which under Iemitsu had deprived tens of thousands of samurai of position and income, adding them to the ranks of ronin.

Ultimately, however, the uprising failed when the conspirators' plan was discovered. Marubashi Chūya fell ill, and, talking through his fever dreams, revealed secrets which made their way to the authorities by the time the rebels were ready to move. Marubashi was arrested and executed in Edo; Yui Shōsetsu escaped that fate by committing seppuku, in Sunpu, upon finding himself surrounded by police. Several of the rebels committed suicide alongside him. The families of the conspirators as well were then tortured and killed by the authorities, as was usual at the time; several were crucified.

In the aftermath of the suppression of the uprising, the Shogunal Elders (Rōjū) met to discuss the origins of the uprising, and how to prevent similar events from occurring in the future. Originally, most of the Elders sought to take severe measures, including expelling all ronin from the city, but they were eventually convinced by Abe Tadaaki to take a more rational tack. He suggested reducing the number of ronin opposed to the shogunate, not through expulsion, but by introducing more favorable policies. In particular, he convinced the council that the shogunate ought to do away with the law of escheatment, and to work to help ronin settle into proper jobs. Forcefully expelling a great number of people from the city, he argued, would only serve to create more opposition to the government.

Far from being an isolated incident, the Keian Uprising was followed by an event the following year involving several hundred ronin, and another soon afterwards in Sado. Granted, these were not directly related, that is, none of the persons involved were the same, nor did they follow a single leader or organized ideology. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, it is significant to note how widespread the distaste for the shogunate was at this time, and the degree of the "problem" of the ronin throughout the country.



The tale was then retold in a novel, Keian Taiheiki (慶安太平記), and in a number of Kabuki plays, the most famous of which, also called Keian Taiheiki, was written by renowned playwright Kawatake Mokuami.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Yui Shoosetsu - Shōsetsu 由井正雪 Yui Shosetsu (1605 - 1651)

- quote -
a military strategist, and leader of the unsuccessful 1651 Keian Uprising. Though a commoner, and thus not officially of the samurai class, Yui was known as one of the "Three Great Ronin" along with Kumazawa Banzan and Yamaga Sokō.

Born in Sunpu to humble origins, Yui is said to have been a talented youth; he was taken in by a number of rōnin from the area, who taught him recent history, and likely swordsmanship and military strategy as well.



As an adult, he found employment as an instructor at a samurai academy, teaching swordsmanship and related disciplines. But these academies, which could be found throughout the country, served not only the pure function of schools of martial arts; certainly, discipline, ethics, and related arts were taught as well. But the schools also served as social and intellectual spaces, in which political ideas were discussed, and grievances aired in a familiar environment where comrades and friends met. Students were almost exclusively members of the samurai class, but running the full gamut of rankings, from daimyo to ronin. As regulations were made stricter at this time, and many ronin expelled from their domains, the number of students grew dramatically.



He later opened a school of military strategy and martial arts in the Renjaku-chō neighborhood of Kanda in Edo, as well as an armorer's shop and ironworks. Here he continued to gain contacts, friends, and prestige among the ronin and others; one of them was Marubashi Chūya, a samurai and fellow instructor of martial disciplines and strategy, with whom he would plan the Keian Uprising some years later.

Beginning in 1645, Yui plotted a coup against the Tokugawa shogunate along with Marubashi, a small group of rōnin, and a number of their students. It was to take place in 1651, shortly after the death of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and would later come to be known as the Keian Uprising. Unfortunately for Yui and his comrades, the plot was discovered before it truly began. Yui was in Sunpu, preparing to execute a secondary series of attacks when Marubashi was arrested in Edo; surrounded by shogunate officials, he committed seppuku rather than be captured.


由井正雪の乱 Yui Shosetsu no ran

Following his death, the officials performed a variety of obscenities upon his body, and then proceeded to subject his parents and other close relatives to crucifixion. Yui Shōsetsu, though ultimately unsuccessful in his political plots, is a notable figure as representative of the growing political unrest in the early Edo period, as a result of strict laws put forth, and enforced, by the shogunate. He and his conspirators were only one of many groups throughout the country meeting in samurai academies and other venues, discussing politics and current events. Most, of course, did not act upon their beliefs as Yui and Marubashi did, but that discussion existed among a great number of people, despite, or perhaps because of the shogunate's strict enforcement of its laws, is significant.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


There is even a line of Sake rice wine named after Yui Shosetsu.




正雪 無量寿(むりょうじゅ)大吟醸 Shosetsu Muryoju brand

- 由比正雪にちなんだ酒銘 -
- reference source : tajima-ya.com/shousetsu. -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Shizuoka 静岡県

Shoosetsu mushi 正雪虫 / Shoosetsu tonbo 正雪トンボ The Shosetsu Dragonfly
This animal begun to appear in Shizuoka after the violent death of Yui Shosetsu. They say his soul reincarnated to haunt the place of his birth and death.
It is also called カトンボ Chikara tonbo and begins to fly in early summer. It is only seen in Shizuoka!
This animal, a kind of kawatonbo 川とんぼ river dragonfly, is now extinct.


source : okab.exblog.jp/9934655


. tonbo (tombo, tonboo) 蜻蛉 dragonfly .
and
蜉蝣 kagero 正雪蜻蛉紋蜉蝣 /白腹蜻蛉 /斑蜻蛉
Ephemeroptera
- kigo for early autumn -



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Marubashi Chuuya - Chūya 丸橋忠弥 Marubashi Chuya (? - 1651)
Yari no Chuya 槍の忠弥 Chuya with the long spear



(Ichikawa Sadanji as Chuya) 初代市川左團次の丸橋忠弥

- quote -
Chūya was a ronin (masterless samurai) from Yamagata, and instructor in martial arts and military strategy, most famous for his involvement in the 1651 Keian Uprising which sought to overthrow Japan's Tokugawa shogunate. He is said to have been a man of great strength and good birth whose distaste for the shogunate stemmed primarily from a desire for revenge for the death of his father, killed by the shogunal army at the 1615 siege of Osaka. The identity of his father is not clear, but may have been Chōsokabe Motochika.
... his weapon of choice became the Jūmonji Yari 十文字槍 a cross-shaped spear. The martial art of wielding the yari is called sōjutsu. ,
... Marubashi met Yui Shōsetsu, ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


(Ichikawa Sadanji) 初代市川左團次の丸橋忠弥

Chuya's grave at the temple
. 神霊山 Shinreizan  金乗院 Konjo-In  慈眼寺 Jigen-Ji .
豊島区高田2-12-39 / 2 Chome-12-39 Takada, Toshima ward





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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Yanaka district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Yanaka 谷中 Yanaka district


source : ndl.go.jp/landmarks/edo/

根岸谷中辺絵図 Negishi Yanaka Map


Yanaka (谷中) is one of the few districts in Tokyo where the shitamachi atmosphere, an old town ambience reminiscent of Tokyo from past decades, still survives. Throughout the district, there is an air of nostalgia and a rustic charm. It is within walking distance of Ueno Park, and offers a sightseeing opportunity different from the metropolitan city feel of other parts of Tokyo.
A short walk from either Nippori Station or Sendagi Subway Station will take you to Yanaka Ginza, a shopping street which best represents the shitamachi flavor of the Yanaka District. Here, there are shops selling goods and produce, ranging from groceries and necessities to clothes and toys.
...
Another attraction of Yanaka is the Yanaka Cemetery, where the locals lay to rest in loving memory those who have passed away. Many of the tombs are elaborately decorated and nicely landscaped. Paths are well-kept and wide, presenting a good trail for a tranquil stroll. The grave of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last shogun of the Edo Period, is also situated within the cemetery.
The Sakura-dori Street, which runs through the center of the cemetery, is lined by cherry trees and attracts many visitors every year during the cherry blossom season. Yanaka Cemetery used to be part of Tennoji Temple, but was separated from it during the Meiji Period. The temple has a peaceful decor and atmosphere, and a big bronze Buddha statue sits on the left of its main building.
- reference source : japan-guide.com/e -

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Yanaka teramachi 谷中寺町 Yanaka temple town
There are more than 60 temples and shrines in Yanaka.

Chokyu-In

Daien-Ji

Enmei-In

Enyu-Ji

Ichijo-Ji 一乗寺

Ishin-In

. Kannonji 観音寺 Kannon-Ji(台東区谷中5-8-28)- Gofunai 42 .

Kyoo-Ji 経王寺

Myoen-Ji

Renge-Ji

Ryusen-Ji

Suwa Jinja Shrine 諏訪神社

Tenno-Ji

Yanaka Reien cemetery

Yofuku-Ji

Zuirin-Ji


- source : visiting-japan.com/en


Teramachi Art Museum
- reference source : teramachi-artmuseum.com -


under construction
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stone walls in yanaka
http://www.taitouboragai.com/yanaka.html

. Temple walls .

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谷中・根津・千駄木~
- reference source : qppp3.exblog.jp -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

reimu 霊夢
享和年中、ある武家の弟が、不思議な夢を見た。それは三方に生首が置かれ、その首に何番何番と記しがあった。その頃谷中の感応寺で富くじが行われていたので、夢に見た番号を買ったところ、富に当たったという。

tsue 杖
谷中の領玄寺に、日享上人が皮付きの桜の杖を刺した。この杖は桜の木になり、会式桜と称し、毎年旧10月の会式の頃に咲いた。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -


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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #edoyanaka #yanaka - - - -
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ondo dance game

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. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .
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ondo 音頭 popular song, music and dance



- quote -
The literal translation of "ondo" is "sound head." Kanji, or the Chinese characters used in the Japanese language, often have literal and abstract meanings, here the kanji for "sound" (音-on) having a more abstract meaning of "melody" or "music," and the kanji for "head," (頭) having a more abstract meaning of "beat,""base pattern." Hence "ondo" probably refers to a kind of "sound" or "beat pattern."
There are other names used to describe older Japanese genres of music. For example, "fushi" or "bushi" (節), with its literal meaning of "node,""knuckle," or "joint," refers to the nodes found in bamboo, usually found at a steady sequence. Thus "fushi" can also have the abstract idea of "sequence" to refer to notes and beats in a sequence, i.e., a melody.
An "ondo," however,
usually refers to a kind of song with a distinct swung 2/2 rhythm. This "swing" can be referred to as "ukare" in Japanese. "Ondo" is a term used in older Japanese genres, but it is still used today when referring to songs written in this swinging style. Sometimes the rhythm is NOT swung and it is played straight through. This is called "kizami".

Folk music and Obon
Part of the Japanese Obon celebration involves participating in the local community dance. The tradition of the Bon dance, or Bon odori (盆踊り), dates back a few hundred years, and it is usually accompanied by the local tune. In recent times, new music has been used for Bon dance accompaniment, including late enka hits and music written specifically for bon dancing. The "ondo" rhythm has always been common in Japanese folk music, but even the newer music written for Bon dances has been written in this style. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Ondo ken おんどけん Dancing Ken Game

Actor Nakamura Utaemon IV as a Toad playing the Shamisen 
四代目中村歌右衛門の蛙,
Utagawa Kunimaro I (active about 1850–1875), signed Ikkokusai Kunimaro giga 一国斎国麿戯画


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

草川の水の音頭も春祭
kusakawa no mizu no ondo mo haru matsuri

the sound
of water and plants
like a spring festival

Tr. Gabi Greve

. Fujita Sooshi 藤田湘子 Fujita Soshi .
(1926 - 2005)

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夜桜に青侍が音頭かな
yosakura ni aozamurai ga ondo kana

under cherry blossoms at night
the songs and dance
of young Samurai . . .


高井几董 Takai Kito

aozamurai (aosamurai) is a young Samurai of lower rank.
... a fifth-rank Samurai who serves for a royal family or a court noble.


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #ondoken #ondodance #dancegame - - - -
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Honzaimokucho district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Honzaimokuchoo 本材木町 Honzaimokucho, Honzaimoku-cho district

zaimoku 材木 wood for construction work, lumber, timber
zaimoku shoonin 材木商人 dealers in timber
zaimokudonya, zaimokudoya 材木問屋 timber brokers

Since fires were quite frequent in Edo, the provision of construction wood was essential.
. taika 江戸の大火 Edo no Taika "Great Fires of Edo" .

Timber was transported on boats, so the district is located from Nihonbashi along the river Kaedegawa 楓川 with eight sub-districts along 2 km.
Kaedegawa is now Nihonbashi 3-chome.

To make a difference to Nihonbashi, it was also called 新肴場 Shinsakanaba.



In the beginning, the construction of Edo castle called for a lot of timber to be transported to the town. Also the building of homes for the many new citizens needed timber.
A lot was brokered by timber merchants from Suruga (Shizuoka) and 遠江 Totomi, called in by Tokugawa Ieyasu himself.
They first lived at 道三堀 Dosanbori and八重洲岸 Yaesugishi and were soon moved along the Western side of the Kaedegawa embankment.
The area is now filled in and became the 首都高速都心環状線 Inner Circular Route.

During the Edo period, there were many bridges crossing Kaedegawa.
One of them was 海運橋 Kaiunbashi.
- - - see the WIKIPEDIA for details !


source : 大江戸歴史散歩を楽しむ会

Since 1647, there was an overseer of construction materials for the Shogun's properties
Zaimoku-ishi bugyō 材木石奉行 Saimoku Ishi Bugyo - Bugyo for timber and stones



海運橋と第一国立銀行 Kaiunbashi bridge and the first national bank
中央左に日本橋川に架かる江戸橋、右に西堀留川に架かる荒布橋、左下に楓川に架かる海運橋が見える。
- reference source : 大江戸歴史散歩を楽しむ会 -

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Shirandoo芝蘭堂 Shirando Academy
the first private school for rangaku 蘭学 Dutch learning
founded in Honzaimokucho by
. Otsuki Gentaku 大槻玄沢 (1757 - 1827) .


芝蘭堂新元会図 - Waseda University Library

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本材木町処刑場跡 Honzaimokucho Keijo - execution ground
was relocated to Shibaguchi.


This is the look of the area today.

. Criminal Punishment in Edo .
keijoo, keijō 刑場 execution ground

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Zaimoku Kawagishi 材木河岸 "timber embankment"



zaimokudonya, zaimokudoya材木問屋 timber brokers

In the beginning there were four big groups
板材木問屋 Itazaimokudoia
熊野問屋 Kumanodoia
川辺問屋 Kawabedoia (炭薪問屋 - also dealing in coal and firewood )
木場材木問屋 Kiba zaimokudoia


In 1701 they were concentrated in 深川木場 Fukagawa kiba. They merged in the course of time and finally there were only
板材木熊野問屋 and 木場材木問屋

. Kiba 木場 "place for wood" .
Lumberyards and Carpenters
on the east bank of the Sumida river.


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The Lumber Industry in Early Modern Japan
Conrad D. Totman

- quote -
This concise volume surveys three hundred years in the history of the lumber industry in early modern (Tokugawa) Japan. In earlier works, Conrad Totman examined environmental aspects of Japan's early modern forest history; here he guides readers through the inner workings of lumber provision for urban construction, providing a wealth of detail on commercial and technological systems of provision while focusing on the convoluted commercial arrangements that moved timber from forest to city despite exceptionally severe environmental and financial obstacles.
Based on scrupulous scholarship in the vast Japanese secondary literature on forest history, The Lumber Industry in Early Modern Japan brings to light materials previously unavailable in English and synthesizes these within a thoughtful ecological framework. Its penetrating examination of the patterns of cooperation and conflict throughout the industry adds significantly to the scholarly corpus that challenges the stock image of Tokugawa rulers and merchants as social enemies. Instead it supports the view of those who have noted the interdependent character of political and economic elites and the long-term strengthening of rural sectors of society vis-a-vis urban sectors.
- - - - - Contents

1. English-Language Approaches to Tokugawa Commerce
2. An Overview of Lumber Provisioning
3. The Process of Timber Transport
4. Entrepreneurial Lumbering in Yamaguni
5. Last Reflections
App. A Plant Species
App. B Table of Measurements
App. C Yoshino Ringyo: A Research Topic.
- source : trove.nla.gov.au/work -

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The Green Archipelago: Forestry in Preindustrial Japan
Conrad D. Totman

Professor Totman raises the critical question of how Japan s steeply mountainous woodland has remained biologically healthy despite centuries of intensive exploitation by a dense human population that has always been dependent on wood and other forest products. Mindful that in global terms this has been a rare outcome, and one that bears directly on Japan s recent experience as an affluent, industrial society, Totman examines the causes, forms, and effects of forest use and management in Japan during the millennium to 1870.
He focuses mainly on the centuries after 1600 when the Japanese found themselves driven by their own excesses into programs of woodland protection and regenerative forestry.
source : amazon.co.jp

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
zaimoku 材木 timber, lumber



................................................................................. Aichi 愛知県
南設楽郡 Minamishitara district

ryuuguu 龍宮 Ryugu Dragon Palace

二ノ滝という滝がある。この滝のため鮎が段嶺にまで上らないので、段嶺の城主が岩を割り砕こうとしたら、夢で龍宮のお告げがあったので計画を中止した。また、材木商が材木を上流から流したらこの滝に入ったまま浮かんでこないので、中にもぐって竜王に奪わないように訴えた。家に戻ってみると、3時ぐらいだと思っていたのに、家では三周忌の最中だった。


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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
zaimoku 材木 71 to explore (01)

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #honzaimokucho #zaimoku #timberedo #lumberedo - - - -
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Yagyu clan legends

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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The Yagyu clan and legends 柳生一族と伝説



Yagyū "Sekishūsai" Munetoshi 柳生 石舟斎 宗厳 (1529 - 1606)
- His son,
Yagyū Munenori 柳生宗矩 (1571 – 1646)
- Munenori's sons,
Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi 柳生 十兵衞 三厳 (Yagyu Jubei) (1607 - 1650)
and Yagyū Munefuyu 柳生宗冬 (1613 - 1675)
- details in the wikipedia -

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Yagyū Shinkage-ryū柳生新陰流 Yagyu school of swordsmanship


新陰流兵法目録事 Shinkageryu Heiho Mokuroku no Koto

one of the oldest Japanese schools of swordsmanship (kenjutsu). Its primary founder was Kamiizumi Nobutsuna, who called the school Shinkage-ryū.
In 1565, Nobutsuna bequeathed the school to his greatest student, Yagyū Munetoshi, who added his own name to the school.
- More in the wikipedia ! -


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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Tochigi 栃木県

Yagyu Jubei and the 妖怪 Yokai appearance
When Jubei stayed over night at the temple for the 10 Kings of Hell, 日光の十王堂 Juo-Do in Nikko,
late at night 閻羅王 Enma, the King of Hell, came out and asked him the time.
Jubei kept his cool, just told him the time and went back to sleep.

Hall for the 10 Kings of Hell

- reference source : travel-way.net/987.nikkou.juuoudou -


. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .
- Introduction -


................................................................................. Nara 奈良県
Nara is the homeground of the Yagyu clan -柳生の里 Yagyu no Sato

saru 猿 monkey
Yagyu Munenori Tajima no Kami柳生但馬守 kept four monkeys. He taught them how to fight with a sword.
They were quite diligent and soon became great masters. They would easily win against the unskillful disciples of Munenori.

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奈良市 Nara town



At the shrine 天石立神社 Amanoiwatate Jinja, the famous samurai
柳生 石舟斎 宗厳 Yagyu "Sekishūsai" Munetoshi (1527 - 1606) practised martial arts. Night after night a Tengu was his partner. Once he thought he had cut the Tengu, but when he looked closer the next morning, there was only a huge rock with a cut.
This is the Ittoseki一刀石.
Scratches of the Tengu's nails天狗の爪痕 are still seen on the stone to our day -
if you look closely.



. tengu no tsume 天狗の爪 tengutsume 天狗爪 nails of a Tengu .

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the village 大柳生町 Oyagyuson - part of it is 柳生村 Yagyuson

In the north of the Shrine 山口神社 Yamaguchi Jinja is a forest called
Yanagi no Mori 柳の森 Willow Forest.


source : mag-net . 柳生の里

Once upon a time
there was a huge willow tree, reaching almost to the sky. This is the origin of the village name
"village of the huge willow tree".
Legend knows that when 弘法大師 Kobo Daishi passed here, he rammed his tsue杖 walking staff in the ground and it begun to grow.
During the construction of 京都の三十三間堂 the Sanjusan Gendo Hall in Kyoto they needed large trees and this willow was to be cut down. Many workers came to help carry it away, but it would not move an inch. Suddenly out of nowhere a small man begun to sing a festival song - and indeed, now the tree could be moved easily.

. tsue 杖と伝説 Legends about the walking staff of Kobo Daishi . .

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There are some fox legends from this village, but not related to the Yagyu clan.
. kitsune densetsu 狐 伝説 fox legends .
akuta 悪田の狐 fox from Akuta

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
- reference source : mag-net.ne.jp/public/travel/japan/memory - 柳生の里

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武家諸法度の陰に柳生あり Yagyu in the Shadow of the Laws for Samurai
週刊江戸全国版

. Buke shohatto 武家諸法度 lit. Various Points of Laws for Warrior Houses .


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

笹子くる柳生一族眠る墓
sasako kuru Yagyuu ichizoku nemuru haka

nightingale come -
the graves where the Yagyu clan
finds its sleep

Tr. Gabi Greve

松本幸子 Matsumoto Sachiko

. WKD : sasako 笹子 nightingale . .
- - kigo for all winter - -
笹子 also read sasago




At the Yagyu family temple, 芳徳寺 Hotoku-Ji in Nara
奈良県奈良市柳生下町445 / Nara-shi, Yagyū Shimochō, 445

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Yagyuu michi 柳生道, Yagyuu Kaidoo 柳生街道 the Yagyu Road



Hiking the Yagyu Kaido
A samurai trail in Kasuga Mountain's Primeval Forest

The trail was constructed during samurai times and connects Kasuaga Shrine and Nara City with the sword making village of Yagyu in the east of the prefecture.
- source : en.japantravel.com/nara -


引売りの酢茎を買へり柳生道
佐々木美代子

柳生道浮びおちいり山眠る
井沢正江

芋茎をほして小字や柳生みち
金久美智子



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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Australian ship 1830

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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Australian ship seen in Edo, 1830
January 16, 1830.

- source : theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/may/28


A watercolour of a British-flagged ship that arrived off the coast of Mugi, in Shikoku, Japan in 1830, chronicled by low-ranking Samurai artist Makita Hamaguchi in documents from the Tokushima prefectural archive.
Photograph: Courtesy of Tokushima prefectural archive


- quote
Australian convict pirates in Japan: evidence of 1830 voyage unearthed
Exclusive: Fresh translations of samurai accounts of ‘barbarian’ ship arriving at the height of Japan’s feudal isolation corroborate a story long dismissed as fantasy


An amateur historian has unearthed compelling evidence that the first Australian maritime foray into Japanese waters was by convict pirates on an audacious escape from Tasmania almost two centuries ago.

Fresh translations of samurai accounts of a “barbarian” ship in 1830 give startling corroboration to a story modern scholars had long dismissed as convict fantasy: that a ragtag crew of criminals encountered a forbidden Japan at the height of its feudal isolation.

The brig Cyprus was hijacked by convicts bound from Hobart to Macquarie Harbour in 1829, in a mutiny that took them all the way to China.

Its maverick skipper was William Swallow, a onetime British cargo ship apprentice and naval conscript in the Napoleonic wars, who in a piracy trial in London the following year told of a samurai cannonball in Japan knocking a telescope from his hand.

Swallow’s fellow mutineers, two of whom were the last men hanged for piracy in Britain, backed his account of having been to Japan.

Western researchers, citing the lack of any Japanese record of the Cyprus, had since ruled the convicts’ story a fabrication.

But that conclusion has been shattered by Nick Russell, a Japan-based English teacher and history buff, in a remarkable piece of sleuthing that has won the endorsement of Australian diplomatic officials and Japanese and Australian archival experts.

Russell, after almost three years of puzzling over an obscure but meticulous record of an early samurai encounter with western interlopers, finally joined the dots with the Cyprus through a speculative Google search last month.

The British expatriate all but solved what was for the Japanese a 187-year mystery, while likely uncovering vivid new detail of an epic chapter of colonial Australian history.

“If you’d said I was going to go hunt and find a new pirate ship, I’d have gone, ‘you’re crazy’,” Russell told Guardian Australia. “I just stumbled on it. Boom. There it was on the screen in front of me.

“I immediately knew and as soon as I started checking, everything just fitted so perfectly.”

The ship anchored on 16 January 1830 off the town of Mugi,
on Shikoku island, where Makita Hamaguchi, a samurai sent disguised as a fisherman to check the ship for weapons, noted an “unbearable stench in the vicinity of the ship”.

The site is about 900m from where Russell’s holiday house now stands.

It was Hamaguchi’s watercolour sketch of an unnamed ship with a British flag that first intrigued Russell when he saw it on the website of the Tokushima prefectural archive in 2014.

With the help of a local volunteer manuscript reading group, Russell has since worked at translating written accounts of the ship’s arrival by Hamaguchi and another samurai, Hirota, now held by the Tokushima prefectural archive. Hamaguchi’s is called Illustrated Account of the Arrival of a Foreign Ship, while Hirota’s is A Foreign Ship Arrives Off Mugi Cove.

Russell first thought it may be a whaling ship, but the manuscript readers were skeptical. Having learned mutinies were common among whalers, Russell last month Googled the words “mutiny 1829”.
This stumbling upon a link between a samurai record and the story of the Cyprus was the research equivalent of finding a needle in a haystack, according to Warwick Hirst, the former curator of manuscripts at the State Library of New South Wales.
“It was a fantastic find,” Hirst, author of The Man Who Stole the Cyprus, told Guardian Australia. “I have no doubt that the Japanese account describes the visit of the Cyprus.”
What emerges is a picture of a desperate band of travellers, low on water and firewood, who provoked curiosity and suspicion among local warlords vexed by their appearance.
Bound to violently repel them by order of Japan’s ruling shogun, the samurai commanders showed some restraint, giving the foreigners advice on wind direction after raining down cannon balls and musket shot on their ship.

Hamaguchi wrote of sailors with “long pointed noses” who were not hostile, but asked in sign language for water and firewood. One had burst into tears and begun praying when an official rejected an earlier plea.

A skipper who looked 25 or 26 placed tobacco in “a suspicious looking object, sucked and then breathed out smoke”.

He had a “scarlet woollen coat” with “cuffs embroidered with gold thread and the buttons were silver-plated”, which was “a thing of great beauty, but as clothing it was gaudy”.

Hamaguchi’s watercolour sketch of the coat has what Russell said may be a telling detail on the sleeve: a bird that could be a swallow, the skipper’s own stamp on a British military officer’s jacket taken as a souvenir in the mutiny.

--- Photo --- A watercolour by samuraiMakita Hamaguchi

The skipper gave instructions to a crew that “in accordance with what appeared to be some mark of respect” followed orders to remove their hats “to the man, most of them revealing balding heads”.

They “exchanged words amongst themselves like birds twittering”.

A dog on the ship “did not look like food. It looked like a pet.”

Another samurai chronicler called Hirota noted the crew offered gifts including an object he later drew, which looks like a boomerang.

One sailor bared his chest to the disguised samurai to reveal a tattoo of “the upper body of a beautiful woman”, Hamaguchi wrote.

Another produced “a big glass of what appeared to be an alcoholic beverage and indicated that we should drink”.

“We declined by waving our hands, upon which they passed the glass around themselves, one by one tapping their heads as they drank to indicate the good feeling it brought them, and finished the lot.”

Onshore, the samurai commanders were anxious to follow an 1825 edict by the shogun bolstering Japan’s isolationist policy.
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It stated: “All foreign vessels should be fired upon. Any foreigner who landed should be arrested or killed. Every interaction should be reported in the utmost detail.”

Hamaguchi quoted Mima, a local commander, saying he had been “suspicious of that ship since it arrived”.

“The men on the ship do not look hungry at all and in fact they seem to be mocking us by diving off the stern and climbing back onto the ship again,” Mima said. “It is very strange that everyone who goes out for a closer look returns feeling very sorry for them.

“I think they are pirates. We should crush them!”

Mima stayed up till dawn discussing what to do with his superior Yamauchi, who decided: “We should take out a large lead ball and tell them that if they don’t leave immediately, we will fire on them and reduce them to matchwood.”
Yamauchi later told an underling to give some water and firewood if the sailors agreed to leave.

The “barbarians” in sign language told the samurai go-betweens they needed five days to mend sails and paint the ship, one making “a fist with one hand and put it under his cocked head indicating sleep”.

When Yamauchi refused, the skipper asked for three days, then gave the samurai messengers a letter to pass on.
“Commander Yamauchi was not happy. ‘What did you accept a letter from them for? Take it back at once!’” Hamaguchi wrote.

When the ship did not raise its anchor, a cannon fired on the ship like a “thunder clap … followed by an eerie screeching noise as the old deeply pitted ball flew between the two masts of the barbarian ship”.

“Irritatingly, without sign of haste or panic, the crew leisurely spread one sail,” Hamaguchi said.

The ship spread another sail but did not move, prompting an infuriated Yamauchi to order more cannon fire.

With little wind but an onshore breeze, the ship could not sail out to sea and “instead, ignoring the hail of cannon and musketoon balls” sailed west between two samurai firing positions.

Hamaguchi wrote that “at about this time the feudal overseer realised it was a British ship and became extremely angry”, ordering fire on the ship’s waterline.

“Two cannon balls hit and shook the ship badly. The foreigners were standing and yelling.”
Another cannon ball smashed into the ship’s hull, and one or two crew lay on the deck appearing “killed or injured”.

--- Photo --- the watercolour picture of a British-flagged ship that arrived off the coast of Mugi, in Shikoku,

“The others turned towards commander Yamauchi’s boat, all removed their hats and appeared to be praying,” Hamaguchi wrote.

Yamauchi asked an underling when the wind would improve, then was “good enough to share this knowledge with the barbarians through sign language and they swiftly turned the brig across the wind”.

The smaller samurai boats surrounded the foreigners and “a foul stench was coming from the ship”.
When a samurai musketeer
“showed his courage by brandishing his big gun in their faces”, the “barbarians looked worried, cried out and trembled with fear”, Hamaguchi wrote.

----- continue reading
- source : theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/may/28

This article was amended on 29 May 2017. An earlier version mistranslated Yamauchi as Yamanouchi.
This has been corrected.

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Legend of an Australian Pirate Ship in Japan Confirmed




Convicts in Australia hijacked the British ship the Cyprus in 1829. When they were eventually captured,
William Swallow, leader of the pirates, and some of his men were put on trial. They gave an account of sailing to Japan in 1830, but no one believed them. Almost 200 years later, the story was considered a legend -until now.
Nick Russell searched through 19th century Japanese writings and found and translated an account from samurai Makita Hamaguchi that confirms a Western ship showed up at Shikoku island on January 16, 1830.

- source : neatorama.com/2017/05/28/Legend-of-an-Australian-Pirate-Ship -

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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #australianship #edoaustralia
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